{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T05:08:12Z","timestamp":1792040892573,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,9,1]],"date-time":"2003-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1062374400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The purpose of this study was to summarize the clinical findings in 40 dogs with systemic hypersensitivity reactions associated with the administration of potentiated sulfonamides. Dogs ranged from 6 months to 14 years of age, with a mean of 5.7 \u00b1 3.2 years. Spayed female dogs were overrepresented (24 of 40, or 60% of the dogs), as were Samoyeds (3 of 40; 8%) and Miniature Schnauzers (5 of 40; 13%). Mean dosages of potentiated sulfonamides were 47.0 \u00b1 14.9 mg\/kg\/d (range, 23.4\u201381.4 mg\/kg\/d). The time from the 1st administration of the drug to the onset of the clinical signs of hypersensitivity ranged from 5 to 36 days, with a mean of 12.1 \u00b1 5.9 days. There was no relationship between either the dosage or type of sulfonamide given and the time to the onset of the clinical signs. Fever was the most common clinical sign observed (55% of the dogs); thrombocytopenia was 2nd (54%), and hepatopathy (28%) was 3rd. Neutropenia, keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS), hemolytic anemia, arthropathy, uveitis, skin and mucocutaneous lesions, proteinuria, facial palsy, suspected meningitis, hypothyroidism, pancreatitis, facial edema, and pneumonitis were also observed in some patients. Of 39 dogs with adequate follow-up, 30 (77%) recovered, whereas 8 (21%) either died or were euthanized, and 1 recovered clinically but had persistent increases in alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity. Dogs with hepatopathy generally had a poorer prognosis (46% recovery) than dogs without hepatopathy (89% recovery; P = .0035). Sixty-three percent of the dogs with thrombocytopenia recovered, compared to 90% of the dogs without thrombocytopenia (P= .042). Recovery was not associated with sex, age, breed, or type of sulfonamide administered.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2003.tb02495.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,3,11]],"date-time":"2010-03-11T00:35:03Z","timestamp":1268267703000},"page":"647-652","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":91,"title":["Clinical Findings in 40 Dogs with Hypersensitivity Associated with Administration of Potentiated Sulfonamides"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Lauren A","family":"Trepanier","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Veterinary Medicine , Madison, W"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebecca","family":"Danhof","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Veterinary Medicine , Madison, W"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey","family":"Toll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Specialists of South Florida , Cooper City, FL"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deborah","family":"Watrous","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University , Ithaca, NY"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2003,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026020303522534500_b1","first-page":"1057","volume-title":"Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics","author":"Mandell","year":"1996"},{"key":"2026020303522534500_b2","author":"Greene","year":"1998","edition":"2nd ed."},{"key":"2026020303522534500_b3","first-page":"9","article-title":"Adverse reactions to sulphonamide and sulphonamide-trimethoprim antimicrobials: Clinical syndromes and pathogenesis","volume":"15","author":"Cribb","year":"1996","journal-title":"Adv Drug React Toxicol Rev"},{"key":"2026020303522534500_b4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1612","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1989.195.11.1612","article-title":"Idiosyncratic reactions to sulfonamides in dogs","volume":"195","author":"Cribb","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"2026020303522534500_b5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3164.1999.00173.x","article-title":"Delayed hypersensitivity reactions to sulphon-amides: Syndromes, pathogenesis, and management","volume":"10","author":"Trepanier","year":"1999","journal-title":"Vet Dermatol"},{"key":"2026020303522534500_b6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1985.186.05.479","article-title":"Sulfadiazine-induced allergy in six Doberman Pinschers","volume":"186","author":"Giger","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"2026020303522534500_b7","author":"Plumb","year":"1999","edition":"3rd ed."},{"key":"2026020303522534500_b8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1984.185.06.660","article-title":"Canine idiopathic thrombocytope-nia: Clinical observations and long-term follow-up in 54 cases","volume":"185","author":"Williams","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"2026020303522534500_b9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-110-4-286","article-title":"Diagnosis of sulfonamide hypersensitivity reactions by in-vitro \u201crechallenge\u201d with hydroxyl-amine metabolites","volume":"110","author":"Rieder","year":"1989","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"2026020303522534500_b10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1038\/clpt.1991.3","article-title":"Prominence of slow acetylator phenotype among patients with sulfonamide hypersensitivity reactions","volume":"49","author":"Rieder","year":"1991","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"2026020303522534500_b11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1080\/01652176.1995.9694550","article-title":"A retrospective evaluation of adverse reactions to trimethoprim-sulfonamide combinations in dogs and cats","volume":"17","author":"Noli","year":"1995","journal-title":"Vet Q"},{"key":"2026020303522534500_b12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.2000.217.515","article-title":"Patient and environmental factors associated with calcium oxalate urolithiasis in dogs","volume":"217","author":"Lekcharoensuk","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med"},{"key":"2026020303522534500_b13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00347744","article-title":"An in vitro investigation of predisposition to sulphonamide idiosyncratic toxicity in dogs","volume":"14","author":"Cribb","year":"1990","journal-title":"Vet Res Com-mun"},{"key":"2026020303522534500_b14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V84.1.176.176","article-title":"Antibodies in sulfon-amide-induced immune thrombocytopenia recognize calcium-dependent epitopes on the glycoprotein IIb\/IIIa complex","volume":"84","author":"Curtis","year":"1994","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"2026020303522534500_b15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1064","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(24)36874-0","article-title":"Patients with delayed-onset sulfonamide hypersensitivity reactions have antibodies recognizing endoplasmic reticulum proteins","volume":"282","author":"Cribb","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"2026020303522534500_b16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1128\/cdli.2.2.199-204.1995","article-title":"Immune response to sulfamethoxazole in patients with AIDS","volume":"2","author":"Daftarian","year":"1995","journal-title":"Clin Diagn Lab Immunol"},{"key":"2026020303522534500_b17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6647","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.164.12.6647","article-title":"Recognition of sulfamethoxazole and its reactive metabolites by drug-specific CD4+ cells from allergic individuals","volume":"164","author":"Schnyder","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"2026020303522534500_b18","first-page":"35","article-title":"Erytheme multiforme and pemphigus-like antibodies associated with sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim administration in a dog with polycystic kidneys","volume":"13","author":"Scott","year":"1986","journal-title":"Canine Pract"},{"key":"2026020303522534500_b19","article-title":"Clinical and immunological findings in 45 dogs with sulfonamide-associated hypersensitivity","author":"Trepanier","year":"2002"},{"key":"2026020303522534500_b20","first-page":"199","article-title":"Severe liver injuries due to sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim and sulfamethoxydiazine","volume":"31","author":"Horak","year":"1984","journal-title":"Hepato-Gastro-enterology"},{"key":"2026020303522534500_b21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0954-6820.1979.tb13498.x","article-title":"Multiple attacks of jaundice associated with repeated sulfonamide treatment","volume":"206","author":"Iwarson","year":"1979","journal-title":"Acta Med Scand"},{"key":"2026020303522534500_b22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.1997.tb00068.x","article-title":"Association of hepatic necrosis with trimethoprim sulfonamide administration in 4 dogs","volume":"11","author":"Twedt","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"key":"2026020303522534500_b23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(24)36867-3","article-title":"The relationship between the disposition and immunogenicity of sulfamethoxazole in the rat","volume":"282","author":"Gill","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"2026020303522534500_b24","first-page":"171","article-title":"Immune-mediated hemolytic anemia associated with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole administration in a horse","volume":"39","author":"Thomas","year":"1998","journal-title":"Can Vet J"},{"key":"2026020303522534500_b25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1080\/00325481.1989.11700719","article-title":"Death from drug-induced hemolytic anemia","volume":"85","author":"Taraszewski","year":"1989","journal-title":"Postgrad Med"},{"key":"2026020303522534500_b26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1177\/875512259501100607","article-title":"Apparent hemolysis in an AIDS patient receiving trimethoprim\/sulfamethoxazole: Case report and literature review","volume":"11","author":"Reinke","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Pharm Technol"},{"key":"2026020303522534500_b27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1159\/000458882","article-title":"Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency in a dog","volume":"21","author":"Smith","year":"1976","journal-title":"Enzyme"},{"key":"2026020303522534500_b28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1982.180.04.432","article-title":"Keratoconjunctivitis sicca associated with sulfonamide therapy in dogs","volume":"180","author":"Morgan","year":"1982","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"2026020303522534500_b29","first-page":"276","article-title":"Keratoconjunctivitis sicca in dogs associated with sulfonamide therapy: 16 cases (1980\u20131980)","volume":"1","author":"Diehl","year":"1991","journal-title":"Prog Vet Comp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"2026020303522534500_b30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-5827.1973.tb06417.x","article-title":"Keratoconjunctivitis sicca in the dog produced by oral phenazopyridine hydrochloride","volume":"14","author":"Slatter","year":"1973","journal-title":"J Small Anim Pract"},{"key":"2026020303522534500_b31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1177\/096032718700600506","article-title":"Keratoconjunctivitis sicca in the dog following 5-aminosalicylic acid administration","volume":"6","author":"Barnett","year":"1987","journal-title":"Hum Toxicol"},{"key":"2026020303522534500_b32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.5326\/15473317-31-3-236","article-title":"A quantitative study of the effects of Tribrissen on canine tear production","volume":"31","author":"Berger","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Am Anim Hosp As-soc"},{"key":"2026020303522534500_b33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1991.01080010069035","article-title":"Systemic sulfonamides as a cause of bilateral, anterior uveitis","volume":"109","author":"Tilden","year":"1991","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"2026020303522534500_b34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.3109\/03009749309099271","article-title":"Facial palsy and partial accommodative insufficiency associated with sulphasalazine treatment in a patient with ankylosing spondylitis","volume":"22","author":"Magnus","year":"1993","journal-title":"Scand J Rheumatol"},{"key":"2026020303522534500_b35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1007\/s001340050048","article-title":"Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole-induced aspetic meningitis: Case report and literature review","volume":"26","author":"Capra","year":"2000","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"2026020303522534500_b36","first-page":"731","article-title":"Drug-induced pancreatitis: Experience of the Swiss Adverse Effects Center (SANZ) 1981\u20131993","volume":"125","author":"Werth","year":"1995","journal-title":"Schweiz Med Wochenschr"},{"key":"2026020303522534500_b37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.1999.00812.x","article-title":"Simultaneous pancreatitis and hepatitis associated with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole","volume":"94","author":"Brett","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"2026020303522534500_b38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1993.203.05.673","article-title":"Risk factors associated with acute pancreatitis in dogs: 101 cases (1985\u20131985)","volume":"203","author":"Cook","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"2026020303522534500_b39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1016\/S0025-6196(12)61431-1","article-title":"Pulmonary infiltrates and eosinophilia associated with sulfasalazine","volume":"59","author":"Wang","year":"1984","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"}],"container-title":["Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fj.1939-1676.2003.tb02495.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jvim\/article-pdf\/17\/5\/647\/66692319\/j.1939-1676.2003.tb02495.x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jvim\/article-pdf\/17\/5\/647\/66692319\/j.1939-1676.2003.tb02495.x.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T08:52:36Z","timestamp":1770108756000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jvim\/article\/17\/5\/647\/8453442"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2003,9,1]]},"references-count":39,"aliases":["10.1892\/0891-6640(2003)017<0647:cfidwh>2.3.co;2"],"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,9,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2003.tb02495.x","relation":{},"ISSN":["1939-1676"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1939-1676","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2003,9]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2003,9,1]]}}}