{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,6]],"date-time":"2026-02-06T15:49:59Z","timestamp":1770392999344,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,1]],"date-time":"2012-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1330560000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cattle are commonly fed soybean meal (SBM) and accidental intoxication sometimes occurs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To describe the biologic and clinical features of SBM intoxication.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Animals<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Four steers with ruminal cannula.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Controlled experimental trial. SBM was administered once at 1 and 2% of body weight (BW) via cannula at 2-month intervals.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study showed a 2-phase pathogenic course for 2% BW SBM intoxication. The 1st phase (until 10\u00a0hours post-administration) is restricted to ruminal modification with volatile fatty acid overproduction and moderate ruminal ammonia concentration. In the 2nd phase (12\u201322\u00a0hours post-administration), ruminal pH returned to initial values and marked ammonia accumulation occurred in blood, inducing severe metabolic alkalosis with hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, and delayed aciduria (30\u201340\u00a0hours post-administration). Among the clinical signs, nervous signs were only observed during the period with increased plasma ammonia concentration. At 1% BW, ruminal and blood modifications were less pronounced than at 2% BW, and clinical signs were not observed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Ammonia accumulation in blood during the second phase is the consequence of continued ammonia production, decreased carbohydrate fermentation, and overwhelming of hepatic detoxifying capacity. Because ammonia accumulation is associated with the clinical signs, treatment of SBM intoxication could be similar to treatment of urea intoxication, including rumenotomy, oral administration of cold water and vinegar, and measurement of ruminal pH.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2011.00884.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,2]],"date-time":"2012-02-02T23:39:38Z","timestamp":1328225978000},"page":"393-401","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Experimental Soybean Meal Intoxication in Cattle"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"D.","family":"Raboisson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Toulouse, Ecole Nationale V\u00e9t\u00e9rinaire , 23 chemin des Capelles, F-31076 Toulouse, Cedex 3,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Ferri\u00e8res","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Toulouse, Ecole Nationale V\u00e9t\u00e9rinaire , 23 chemin des Capelles, F-31076 Toulouse, Cedex 3,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.C.","family":"Nicot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Toulouse, Ecole Nationale V\u00e9t\u00e9rinaire , 23 chemin des Capelles, F-31076 Toulouse, Cedex 3,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"F.","family":"Enjalbert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Toulouse, Ecole Nationale V\u00e9t\u00e9rinaire , 23 chemin des Capelles, F-31076 Toulouse, Cedex 3,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"F.","family":"Schelcher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Toulouse, Ecole Nationale V\u00e9t\u00e9rinaire , 23 chemin des Capelles, F-31076 Toulouse, Cedex 3,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026020600174633600_jvim884-bib-0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.130.16.343","article-title":"Ruminal lactic acidosis in sheep and goats","volume":"130","author":"Braun","year":"1992","journal-title":"Vet Rec"},{"key":"2026020600174633600_jvim884-bib-0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.2527\/jas1976.434835x","article-title":"Ammonia toxicity in cattle. I. Rumen and blood changes associated with toxicity and treatment methods","volume":"43","author":"Bartley","year":"1976","journal-title":"J Anim Sci"},{"key":"2026020600174633600_jvim884-bib-0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"702","DOI":"10.2527\/jas1977.444702x","article-title":"Ammonia toxicity in cattle. II. Changes in carotid and jugular blood components associated with toxicity","volume":"44","author":"Davidovich","year":"1977","journal-title":"J Anim Sci"},{"key":"2026020600174633600_jvim884-bib-0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.21423\/bovine-vol0no24p67-73","article-title":"Urea (ammonia) toxicosis in cattle","volume":"24","author":"Whitehair","year":"1989","journal-title":"Bovine Practitioner"},{"key":"2026020600174633600_jvim884-bib-0005","volume-title":"Tables de composition et de valeurs nutritives des mati\u00e8res premi\u00e8res destin\u00e9es aux animaux d\u2019\u00e9levage","author":"Sauvant","year":"2002"},{"key":"2026020600174633600_jvim884-bib-0006","volume-title":"Blood gas assay performance on the Idexx VetStat Electrolyte and blood gas analyzer","author":"Jensen","year":"2001"},{"key":"2026020600174633600_jvim884-bib-0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1079\/BJN19860046","article-title":"Metabolism of lactic acid isomers in the rumen of silage-fed sheep","volume":"55","author":"Gill","year":"1986","journal-title":"Br J Nutr"},{"key":"2026020600174633600_jvim884-bib-0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2971","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(90)78986-2","article-title":"Recent advances in rumen microbial ecology and metabolism: Potential impact on nutrient output","volume":"73","author":"Mackie","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Dairy Sci"},{"key":"2026020600174633600_jvim884-bib-0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1296","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplegacy.1968.214.6.1296","article-title":"Transfer of urea nitrogen across the rumen wall","volume":"214","author":"Houpt","year":"1968","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"2026020600174633600_jvim884-bib-0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1079\/ASC41330011","article-title":"The route of absorbed nitrogen into milk protein","volume":"80","author":"Lapierre","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ani Sci"},{"key":"2026020600174633600_jvim884-bib-0011","first-page":"500","article-title":"Urea and short-chain fatty acids metabolism in Holstein cows fed a low-nitrogen grass-based diet","volume":"2","author":"Rojen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Anim Consortium"},{"key":"2026020600174633600_jvim884-bib-0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0442.1987.tb00262.x","article-title":"Hepatic capacity for ammonia removal in sheep","volume":"34","author":"Orzechowski","year":"1987","journal-title":"Zentralbl Veterinarmed A"},{"key":"2026020600174633600_jvim884-bib-0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0396.1988.tb00054.x","article-title":"Net hepatic metabolism of ammonia, propionate and lactate in sheep in relation to gluconeogenesis and ureagenesis","volume":"59","author":"Orzechowski","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr"},{"key":"2026020600174633600_jvim884-bib-0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/S0034-5288(18)32204-5","article-title":"Effect of propionic acid on urea synthesis by sheep liver","volume":"35","author":"Rattenbury","year":"1983","journal-title":"Res Vet Sci"},{"key":"2026020600174633600_jvim884-bib-0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.1981.42.02.333","article-title":"Acid-base status and blood gas alterations following experimental uremia in cattle","volume":"42","author":"Sharma","year":"1981","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"},{"key":"2026020600174633600_jvim884-bib-0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4684-5826-8_3","article-title":"Nitrogen metabolism in normal and cirrhotic liver","volume":"272","author":"Haussinger","year":"1990","journal-title":"Adv Exp Med Biol"},{"key":"2026020600174633600_jvim884-bib-0017","first-page":"604","volume-title":"Duke's Physiology of Domestic Animals","author":"Houpt","year":"1993","edition":"11th ed."},{"key":"2026020600174633600_jvim884-bib-0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1161","DOI":"10.2527\/jas1979.4951161x","article-title":"Ruminal changes during the onset and recovery of induced lactic acidosis in sheep","volume":"49","author":"Kezar","year":"1979","journal-title":"J Anim Sci"},{"key":"2026020600174633600_jvim884-bib-0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"890","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.1986.47.04.890","article-title":"Blood, urine, and ruminal fluid changes associated with metabolic alkalosis induced by duodenal obstruction","volume":"47","author":"Avery","year":"1986","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"},{"key":"2026020600174633600_jvim884-bib-0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1016\/0300-9629(82)90151-7","article-title":"Interrelationships between urea, ammonia, glucose, insulin and adrenaline during ammonia-urea toxicosis in sheep (Ovis aries)","volume":"72","author":"Emmanuel","year":"1982","journal-title":"Comp Biochem Physiol A Comp Physiol"},{"key":"2026020600174633600_jvim884-bib-0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3259","DOI":"10.2527\/jas1988.66123259x","article-title":"Subclinical ammonia toxicity in steers: Effects on blood metabolite and regulatory hormone concentrations","volume":"66","author":"Fernandez","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Anim Sci"},{"key":"2026020600174633600_jvim884-bib-0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(84)81331-4","article-title":"Ammonia: its effects on biological systems, metabolic hormones, and reproduction","volume":"67","author":"Visek","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Dairy Sci"},{"key":"2026020600174633600_jvim884-bib-0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1080\/01652176.1981.9693809","article-title":"Inhibitory action of intravenously administered ammonium acetate on the motility of the rumen in sheep","volume":"3","author":"Kania","year":"1981","journal-title":"Vet Q"},{"key":"2026020600174633600_jvim884-bib-0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-0813.1987.tb09605.x","article-title":"Experimentally induced lactic acidosis in the goat","volume":"64","author":"Cao","year":"1987","journal-title":"Aust Vet J"},{"key":"2026020600174633600_jvim884-bib-0025","first-page":"63","article-title":"Acute urea toxicity in sheep","volume":"42","author":"Edjtehadi","year":"1978","journal-title":"Can J Comp Med"},{"key":"2026020600174633600_jvim884-bib-0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/0377-8401(87)90009-5","article-title":"Hyperexcitability in cattle fed ammoniated roughages","volume":"17","author":"Perdock","year":"1987","journal-title":"Anim Feed Sci Technol"},{"key":"2026020600174633600_jvim884-bib-0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1079\/BJN19810056","article-title":"The maximum capacity of the liver of the adult dairy cow to metabolize ammonia","volume":"46","author":"Symonds","year":"1981","journal-title":"Br J Nutr"},{"key":"2026020600174633600_jvim884-bib-0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-0720(15)30974-9","article-title":"Nonprotein nitrogen-induced ammonia toxicosis and ammoniated feed toxicity syndrome","volume":"5","author":"Haliburton","year":"1989","journal-title":"Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract"},{"key":"2026020600174633600_jvim884-bib-0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1051\/rnd:19770503","article-title":"Ammoniogen\u00e8se et motricit\u00e9 du rumen chez le mouton","volume":"17","author":"Bueno","year":"1977","journal-title":"Ann Biol Bioch Biophys"},{"key":"2026020600174633600_jvim884-bib-0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(82)82236-4","article-title":"Factors influencing intake of high urea-containing rations by lactating dairy cows","volume":"65","author":"Kertz","year":"1982","journal-title":"J Dairy Sci"},{"key":"2026020600174633600_jvim884-bib-0031","first-page":"227","volume-title":"The Ruminant Animal. Digestive Physiology and Nutrition","author":"Owens","year":"1988"}],"container-title":["Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fj.1939-1676.2011.00884.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jvim\/article-pdf\/26\/2\/393\/66683161\/jvim884.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jvim\/article-pdf\/26\/2\/393\/66683161\/jvim884.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,6]],"date-time":"2026-02-06T05:17:59Z","timestamp":1770355079000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jvim\/article\/26\/2\/393\/8451550"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,1]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2011.00884.x","relation":{},"ISSN":["1939-1676"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1939-1676","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2012,3]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,1]]}}}