{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,4]],"date-time":"2026-02-04T14:49:51Z","timestamp":1770216591128,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,1]],"date-time":"2011-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1304208000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Parenteral nutrition is an important method of nutritional support in hospitalized animals, but minimal information has been published on its use in camelids.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Hypothesis\/Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The purpose of this study was to characterize the use of total parenteral nutrition (TPN) in alpacas, evaluate the formulations used, and determine potential complications.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Animals<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Twenty-two alpacas hospitalized at the Tufts Cummings School for Veterinary Medicine (site 1: n = 8) and the Ohio State University Veterinary Teaching Hospital (site 2: n = 14).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A retrospective analysis of all alpacas that received TPN between 2002 and 2008 was performed to assess clinical indications, clinical and clinicopathologic data, and outcome.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The most common underlying diseases in animals receiving TPN were gastrointestinal dysfunction (n = 16), hepatic disease (n = 2), and neoplasia (n = 2). Several metabolic abnormalities were identified in animals (n = 20\/22) before TPN was initiated, including lipemia (n = 12\/22), hyperglycemia (11\/22), and hypokalemia (n = 11\/22). Median age was significantly lower for site 1 cases (0.1\u2003years; range, 0.01\u201311.0) compared with those from site 2 (4.9\u2003years; range, 0.1\u201313.7; P= .03). Animals at site 2 also had a longer duration of hospitalization (P= .01) and TPN administration (P= .004), as well as higher survival rate (P &amp;lt; .02). Twenty-one of 22 alpacas developed at least 1 complication during TPN administration. Metabolic complications were most prevalent (n = 21\/22) and included hyperglycemia (n = 8\/21), lipemia (n = 7\/21), hypokalemia (n = 3\/21), and refeeding syndrome (n = 3\/21).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions and Clinical Importance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>TPN is a feasible method of nutritional support for alpacas when enteral feeding is not possible. Prospective studies are warranted to determine optimal TPN formulations for alpacas.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2011.0708.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,3,21]],"date-time":"2011-03-21T14:53:55Z","timestamp":1300719235000},"page":"598-604","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Retrospective Evaluation of Parenteral Nutrition in Alpacas: 22 Cases (2002\u20132008)"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"E.R.S.","family":"Clore","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Tufts Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine Department of Clinical Sciences, , North Grafton, MA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L.M.","family":"Freeman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tufts Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine Department of Clinical Sciences, , North Grafton, 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