{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T14:13:47Z","timestamp":1783952027614,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,1]],"date-time":"2012-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1330560000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ontario Veterinary College Department of Clinical Studies"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Hypocalcemia is a documented electrolyte disturbance in people and animals with sepsis, but its mechanism is poorly understood.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To investigate mechanisms of hypocalcemia in dogs with experimentally induced endotoxemia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Animals<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Six healthy mixed breed dogs were included in this nonrandomized, placebo-controlled, crossover study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Dogs initially were injected with placebo (0.9% NaCl; 1\u00a0mL, IV) and then lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 2\u00a0\u03bcg\/kg, IV) after a 5-day washout period. Blood and urine samples were collected for measurement of serum total calcium (tCa), ionized calcium (iCa), total magnesium (tMg), ionized magnesium (iMg), parathyroid hormone (PTH), 25-hydroxyvitamin D (vitamin D), venous blood gases, and fractional excretion (FE) of calcium.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>After LPS administration, body temperature increased and blood pressure decreased. Both iCa and tCa decreased (P\u00a0&amp;lt; .01), but iMg was not significantly different between control and LPS treatments. PTH concentrations increased (P\u00a0&amp;lt; .01) and vitamin D concentrations decreased (P\u00a0&amp;lt; .01). Venous pH, bicarbonate, base excess, and blood glucose also decreased (P\u00a0&amp;lt; .01). Urine tCa concentration was below the limit of detection for all dogs after LPS administration.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Hypocalcemia occurs during endotoxemia in dogs and is associated with hypovitaminosis D. Hypomagnesemia, hypoparathyroidism, alkalosis, and increased calciuresis are not associated with hypocalcemia in endotoxemic dogs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2012.00886.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,28]],"date-time":"2012-02-28T06:12:16Z","timestamp":1330409536000},"page":"244-251","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Hypocalcemia and Hypovitaminosis D in Dogs with Induced Endotoxemia"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"M.K.","family":"Holowaychuk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph , Guelph, ON N1G 2W1,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.J.","family":"Birkenheuer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University , Raleigh, NC 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