{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T22:58:15Z","timestamp":1776121095751,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,1]],"date-time":"2012-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1330560000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"name":"University of California-Davis Center for Equine Health"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100023078","name":"State of North Carolina","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100023078","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100018787","name":"Novartis Animal Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100018787","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Experimental infection of horses with Bartonella species is not documented.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Determine clinical signs, hematologic changes, duration of bacteremia, and pattern of seroconversion in Bartonella henselae or Bartonella bovis-inoculated horses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Animals<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Twelve (2 groups of 6) randomly selected healthy adult horses seronegative and culture negative for Bartonella spp.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Experimental\/observational study: Group I: B. henselae or saline control was inoculated intradermally into 4 na\u00efve and 2 sentinel horses, respectively. Group II: same design was followed by means of B. bovis. Daily physical examinations, once weekly CBC, immunofluorescent antibody assay serology, real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and twice weekly blood cultures were performed for 6\u00a0weeks and at postinoculation day 80 and 139. Bartonella alpha-Proteobacteria growth medium (BAPGM) enrichment blood culture was performed for horses that seroconverted to B. henselae antigens.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Transient clinical signs consistent with bartonellosis occurred in some Bartonella-inoculated horses, but hematological alterations did not occur. Three B. henselae-inoculated horses seroconverted, whereas 1 B. bovis-inoculated horse was weakly seropositive. In Group I, B. henselae was amplified and sequenced from BAPGM blood culture as well as a subculture isolate from 1 horse, blood from a 2nd horse, and BAPGM blood culture from a 3rd horse although a subculture isolate was not obtained. All sentinels remained PCR, culture, and serology negative.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Detection of Bartonella sp. in blood after experimental inoculation supports bacteremia and seroconversion. Culture with BAPGM may be required to detect Bartonella sp. Although mild clinical signs followed acute infection, no long-term effects were noted for 2\u00a0years postinoculation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2012.00890.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,22]],"date-time":"2012-02-22T08:45:13Z","timestamp":1329900313000},"page":"377-383","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Experimental Infection of Horses with\n                    <i>Bartonella henselae<\/i>\n                    and\n                    <i>Bartonella bovis<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"J.","family":"Palmero","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California , Davis, CA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"N.","family":"Pusterla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California , Davis, CA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"N.A.","family":"Cherry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Intracellular Pathogens Research Laboratory, Center for Comparative Medicine and Translational Research, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University , Raleigh, NC"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R.W.","family":"Kasten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California , Davis, CA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Mapes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California , Davis, CA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"H.J.","family":"Boulouis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\u00c9cole Nationale V\u00e9t\u00e9rinaire d'Alfort , Maisons-Alfort,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"E.B.","family":"Breitschwerdt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Intracellular Pathogens Research Laboratory, Center for Comparative Medicine and Translational Research, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University , Raleigh, NC"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"B.B.","family":"Chomel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California , Davis, CA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026020600171056300_jvim890-bib-0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.10.2.203","article-title":"Bartonella spp. as emerging human pathogens","volume":"10","author":"Anderson","year":"1997","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"2026020600171056300_jvim890-bib-0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1203.050931","article-title":"Bartonella spp. in pets and effect on human health","volume":"12","author":"Chomel","year":"2006","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026020600171056300_jvim890-bib-0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.2000.216.519","article-title":"Peliosis hepatis in a dog infected with Bartonella henselae","volume":"216","author":"Kitchell","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"2026020600171056300_jvim890-bib-0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1000","DOI":"10.1097\/00007890-199804150-00024","article-title":"Peliosis hepatis due to Bartonella henselae in transplantation: A hemato-hepato-renal syndrome","volume":"65","author":"Ahsan","year":"1998","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"2026020600171056300_jvim890-bib-0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1089\/104454903767650694","article-title":"The role of the host immune response in pathogenesis of Bartonella henselae","volume":"22","author":"Resto-Ruiz","year":"2003","journal-title":"DNA Cell Biol"},{"key":"2026020600171056300_jvim890-bib-0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1383","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1309.070236","article-title":"Endocarditis in cattle caused by Bartonella bovis","volume":"13","author":"Maillard Renaud","year":"2007","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026020600171056300_jvim890-bib-0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.13.3.428","article-title":"Bartonella infection in animals: Carriership, reservoir potential, pathogenicity, and zoonotic potential for human infection","volume":"13","author":"Breitschwerdt","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"2026020600171056300_jvim890-bib-0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2008.0043.x","article-title":"Detection of Bartonella henselae in the blood of 2 adult horses","volume":"22","author":"Jones","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"key":"2026020600171056300_jvim890-bib-0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1354\/vp.46-2-277","article-title":"Identification of Bartonella henselae in an aborted equine fetus","volume":"46","author":"Johnson","year":"2009","journal-title":"Vet Pathol"},{"issue":"3-4","key":"2026020600171056300_jvim890-bib-0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2011.02.010","article-title":"Identification of Bartonella henselae in a horse from Germany","volume":"150","author":"Cherry","year":"2011","journal-title":"Vet Microbiol"},{"key":"2026020600171056300_jvim890-bib-0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1311","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1007.030896","article-title":"Bartonella spp. DNA associated with biting flies from California","volume":"10","author":"Chung","year":"2004","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026020600171056300_jvim890-bib-0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2915.2008.00713.x","article-title":"Vector transmission of Bartonella species with emphasis on the potential for tick transmission","volume":"22","author":"Billeter","year":"2008","journal-title":"Med Vet Entomol"},{"key":"2026020600171056300_jvim890-bib-0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2006.6.99","article-title":"Co-detection of Bartonella henselae, Borrelia burgdorferi, and Anaplasma phagocytophilum in Ixodes pacificus ticks from California, USA","volume":"6","author":"Holden","year":"2006","journal-title":"Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis"},{"key":"2026020600171056300_jvim890-bib-0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1099\/00207713-52-2-383","article-title":"Bartonella bovis Bermond et\u00a0al sp. nov. and Bartonella capreoli sp. nov., isolated from European ruminants","volume":"52","author":"Bermond","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int J Syst Evol Microbiol"},{"key":"2026020600171056300_jvim890-bib-0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1051\/vetres\/2009010","article-title":"Dogs are more permissive than cats or guinea pigs to experimental infection with a human isolate of Bartonella rochalimae","volume":"40","author":"Chomel","year":"2009","journal-title":"Vet Res"},{"key":"2026020600171056300_jvim890-bib-0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/S0147-9571(96)00025-2","article-title":"Experimental and natural infection with Bartonella henselae in domestic cats","volume":"20","author":"Abbott","year":"1997","journal-title":"Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026020600171056300_jvim890-bib-0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1625","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199212033272303","article-title":"Isolation of Rochalimaea species from cutaneous and osseous lesions of bacillary angiomatosis","volume":"327","author":"Koehler","year":"1992","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026020600171056300_jvim890-bib-0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2004.01.007","article-title":"Prevalence of Bartonella infection in wild African lions (Panthera leo) and cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus)","volume":"100","author":"Molia","year":"2004","journal-title":"Vet Microbiol"},{"key":"2026020600171056300_jvim890-bib-0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2411","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.02539-06","article-title":"Gray foxes (Urocyon cinereoargenteus) as a potential reservoir of a Bartonella clarridgeiae-like bacterium and domestic dogs as sentinels for zoonotic arthropod-borne pathogens in northern California","volume":"00","author":"Henn","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"2026020600171056300_jvim890-bib-0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mimet.2007.01.010","article-title":"A combined approach for the enhanced detection and isolation of Bartonella species in dog blood samples: Pre-enrichment liquid culture followed by PCR and subculture onto agar plates","volume":"69","author":"Duncan","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Microbiol Meth"},{"issue":"11","key":"2026020600171056300_jvim890-bib-0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1425","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2010.0201","article-title":"Ecological diversity of Bartonella species infection among dogs and their owner in Virginia","volume":"11","author":"Cherry","year":"2011","journal-title":"Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis"},{"key":"2026020600171056300_jvim890-bib-0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2009.01.038","article-title":"Co-isolation of Bartonella henselae and Bartonella vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii from blood, joint and subcutaneous seroma fluids from two naturally infected dogs","volume":"138","author":"Diniz","year":"2009","journal-title":"Vet Microbiol"},{"key":"2026020600171056300_jvim890-bib-0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-2427(01)00372-5","article-title":"Immunopathology of Bartonella vinsonii (berkhoffii) in experimentally infected dogs","volume":"83","author":"Pappalardo","year":"2001","journal-title":"Vet Immunol Immunopathol"},{"key":"2026020600171056300_jvim890-bib-0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.1128\/CDLI.6.4.558-566.1999","article-title":"Identification of Bartonella-specific immunodominant antigens recognized by the feline humoral immune system","volume":"6","author":"Freeland","year":"1999","journal-title":"Clin Diagn Lab Immunol"},{"key":"2026020600171056300_jvim890-bib-0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1536","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.37.5.1536-1547.1999","article-title":"Clinical and pathologic evaluation of chronic Bartonella henselae or Bartonella clarridgeiae infection in cats","volume":"37","author":"Kordick","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"2026020600171056300_jvim890-bib-0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2004.11.006","article-title":"Histopathological studies of experimental Lyme disease in the dog","volume":"133","author":"Summers","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Comp Pathol"},{"key":"2026020600171056300_jvim890-bib-0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2009.04523.x","article-title":"Bartonella endocarditis","volume":"1166","author":"Chomel","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"key":"2026020600171056300_jvim890-bib-0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2008.09.063","article-title":"PCR detection of Bartonella bovis and Bartonella henselae in the blood of beef cattle","volume":"135","author":"Cherry","year":"2009","journal-title":"Vet Microbiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026020600171056300_jvim890-bib-0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0603.000313","article-title":"Bartonella spp. isolated from wild and domestic ruminants in North America","volume":"6","author":"Chang","year":"2000","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026020600171056300_jvim890-bib-0030","volume-title":"A groundhog, a novel Bartonella sequence, and my father's death [another dimension]","author":"Breitschwerdt"},{"key":"2026020600171056300_jvim890-bib-0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2008.0246.x","article-title":"Isolation or molecular detection of Bartonella henselae and Bartonella vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii from dogs with idiopathic cavitary effusions","volume":"23","author":"Cherry","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"key":"2026020600171056300_jvim890-bib-0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2008.0134","article-title":"Zoonotic bartonella species in fleas collected on gray foxes (Urocyon cinereoargenteus)","volume":"9","author":"Gabriel","year":"2009","journal-title":"Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis"},{"key":"2026020600171056300_jvim890-bib-0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1221","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.39.4.1221-1226.2001","article-title":"Molecular evidence of Bartonella spp. in questing adult ixodes pacificus ticks in California","volume":"39","author":"Chang","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"2026020600171056300_jvim890-bib-0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"688","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.2005.66.688","article-title":"Seroprevalence of antibodies against Bartonella species and evaluation of risk factors and clinical signs associated with seropositivity in dogs","volume":"66","author":"Henn","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"},{"key":"2026020600171056300_jvim890-bib-0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1051\/vetres:2007023","article-title":"Canine bartonellosis: Serological and molecular prevalence in Brazil and evidence of co-infection with Bartonella henselae and Bartonella vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii","volume":"38","author":"Diniz","year":"2007","journal-title":"Vet Res"},{"key":"2026020600171056300_jvim890-bib-0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199901213400303","article-title":"Chronic Bartonella quintana bacteremia in homeless patients","volume":"340","author":"Brouqui","year":"1999","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026020600171056300_jvim890-bib-0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1158","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.34.5.1158-1160.1996","article-title":"Bartonella (Rochalimaea) quintana infection in a seronegative hemodialyzed patient","volume":"34","author":"Drancourt","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"2026020600171056300_jvim890-bib-0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.38.2.682-687.2000","article-title":"Sequence variation in the ftsZ gene of Bartonella henselae isolates and clinical samples","volume":"38","author":"Ehrenborg","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"2026020600171056300_jvim890-bib-0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(94)90102-3","article-title":"Bartonella (Rochalimaea) quintana isolation in patient with chronic adenopathy, lymphopenia, and a cat","volume":"343","author":"Raoult","year":"1994","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2026020600171056300_jvim890-bib-0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-3-33","article-title":"Experimental infection and co-infection of dogs with Anaplasma platys and Ehrlichia canis: Hematologic, serologic and molecular findings","volume":"3","author":"Gaunt","year":"2010","journal-title":"Parasites & Vectors"},{"key":"2026020600171056300_jvim890-bib-0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-4431.2009.00496.x","article-title":"Bartonellosis: An emerging infectious disease of zoonotic importance to animals and human beings","volume":"20","author":"Breitschwerdt","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Vet Emerg Crit Care"},{"key":"2026020600171056300_jvim890-bib-0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1229","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2010.0563.x","article-title":"Suspected needle stick transmission of Bartonella vinsonii subspecies berkhoffii to a veterinarian","volume":"24","author":"Oliveira","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026020600171056300_jvim890-bib-0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2009.0217","article-title":"Unknown fever and back pain caused by Bartonella henselae in a veterinarian after a needle puncture: A case report and literature review","volume":"11","author":"Lin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis"},{"key":"2026020600171056300_jvim890-bib-0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2445","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.33.9.2445-2450.1995","article-title":"Bartonella henselae prevalence in domestic cats in California: Risk factors and association between bacteremia and antibody titers","volume":"33","author":"Chomel","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"2026020600171056300_jvim890-bib-0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2008.10.017","article-title":"Seroprevalence of Bartonella spp. in the endangered island fox (Urocyon littoralis)","volume":"136","author":"Namekata","year":"2009","journal-title":"Vet Microbiol"}],"container-title":["Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fj.1939-1676.2012.00890.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jvim\/article-pdf\/26\/2\/377\/66683476\/jvim890.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jvim\/article-pdf\/26\/2\/377\/66683476\/jvim890.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,6]],"date-time":"2026-02-06T05:17:28Z","timestamp":1770355048000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jvim\/article\/26\/2\/377\/8451622"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,1]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2012.00890.x","relation":{},"ISSN":["1939-1676"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1939-1676","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2012,3]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,1]]}}}