{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T14:48:20Z","timestamp":1787496500212,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,7,1]],"date-time":"2012-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1341100800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"name":"Centers of Excellence in Livestock Diseases and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction (PPID) is common in older horses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To determine diagnosis frequency, prognostic factors, long-term survival, and owner satisfaction with treatment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Animals<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Medical records from horses diagnosed with PPID, 1993\u20132004.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A retrospective cohort design with data collected from the Veterinary Medical Data Base (VMDB) and a cohort of 3 VTHs. Proportional accessions, annual incidence, and demographics were compared for all accessions. During the same period, a subset of medical records (n\u00a0=\u00a044) was extracted and owners (n\u00a0=\u00a034) contacted to obtain long-term follow-up information.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Diagnoses of PPID were reported for 217 horses that presented to VTHs and were reported to the VMDB. Proportional diagnosis increased from 0.25\/1,000 in 1993 to 3.72\/1,000 in 2002. For 44 horses included in the follow-up study, the most commons signs were hirsutism (84%) and laminitis (50%). Of 34 horse owners contacted, the average time from onset of signs to diagnosis was 180\u00a0days. Improvement in\u00a0\u2265\u00a01 signs, 2\u00a0months after diagnosis, was reported by 9\/22 (41%) of horse owners. Clinical signs and clinicopathologic data were not associated with survival, and 50% of horses were alive 4.6\u00a0years after diagnosis. Cause of death among horses (15\/20; 85%) was euthanasia, and 11\/15 (73%) were euthanized because of conditions associated with PPID. Most horse owners (28\/29; 97%) said they would treat a second horse for PPID.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion and Clinical Importance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>PPID was diagnosed with increasing frequency, and 50% of horses survived 4.5\u00a0years after diagnosis. Owners were satisfied with their horses' quality of life and would treat a second horse if diagnosed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2012.00932.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,24]],"date-time":"2012-04-24T14:26:02Z","timestamp":1335277562000},"page":"1027-1034","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["Diagnostic Frequency, Response to Therapy, and Long-Term Prognosis among Horses and Ponies with Pituitary Par Intermedia Dysfunction, 1993\u20132004"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"B.W.","family":"Rohrbach","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"of Comparative Medicine Departments"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.R.","family":"Stafford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"of Comparative Medicine 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