{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,7]],"date-time":"2026-11-07T05:39:25Z","timestamp":1794029965246,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,9,1]],"date-time":"2012-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1346457600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,9,1]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Background<\/jats:title>\n Sea buckthorn berries (Hippophae rhamnoides) are rich in vitamin C and E, carotenoids, flavonoids, fatty acids, plant sterols, lignans, and minerals. A feed supplement containing sea buckthorn berries might have efficacy in treatment and prevention of gastric ulcers in horses.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Objectives<\/jats:title>\n To test the efficacy of a commercially available formulation of sea buckthorn berries and pulp (SeaBuck SBT Gastro-Plus) for treatment and prevention of gastric ulcers in stall-confined horses.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Animals<\/jats:title>\n Eight Thoroughbred and Thoroughbred-cross horses (3\u201310\u00a0years of age, 5 geldings and 3 mares, 380\u2013600\u00a0kg body weight).<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n This study was a 2-period crossover in which all horses received no treatment (untreated controls; n\u00a0=\u00a08) and treatment (SeaBuckSBT Gastro-Plus, 4 ounces [35.6\u00a0g berries and pulp], twice daily; n\u00a0=\u00a08) mixed with a pelleted complete feed (18% crude fiber; 9% starch; 14% crude protein). Horses were treated for 4\u00a0weeks followed by a 1-week (d28\u2013d35) alternating feed-deprivation period to induce or worsen existing ulcers. Gastroscopic examinations were performed on days 0, 28, and 35. Gastric juice pH was measured and gastric ulcer number and severity scores were assigned by a masked investigator.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n Mean nonglandular gastric ulcer scores significantly (P\u00a0&lt;\u00a0.05) increased in all horses after day 28, as a result of intermittent feed deprivation. Mean nonglandular gastric ulcer number (P\u00a0=\u00a0.84) and severity (P\u00a0=\u00a0.51) were not significantly different between SBT-treated and untreated control horses. However, mean glandular ulcer number (P\u00a0=\u00a0.02) and glandular ulcer severity (P\u00a0=\u00a0.02) were significantly lower in the SBT-treated horses compared with the untreated control at week 5.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions and Clinical Importance<\/jats:title>\n SeaBuck SBT Gastro-Plus liquid fed to horses did not show efficacy in treatment or prevention of naturally occurring nonglandular ulcers in horses; however, glandular ulcer scores were significantly lower in SBT-treated horses after feed deprivation. Thus, SBT might have efficacy in prevention of glandular ulcers in horses housed in stalls and undergoing intermittent feeding.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2012.00975.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,7,28]],"date-time":"2012-07-28T07:35:10Z","timestamp":1343460910000},"page":"1186-1191","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["Effect of Sea Buckthorn Berries and Pulp in a Liquid Emulsion on Gastric Ulcer Scores and Gastric Juice pH in Horses"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"N.K.","family":"Huff","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Medicine, Equine Health Studies Program, Louisiana State University Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, , Baton Rouge, LA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.D.","family":"Auer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Purdue University School of Veterinary Medicine , West Lafayette, IN"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"Jr.","given":"F.","family":"Garza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Medicine, Equine Health Studies Program, Louisiana State University Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, , Baton Rouge, LA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.L.","family":"Keowen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Medicine, Equine Health Studies Program, Louisiana State University Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, , Baton Rouge, LA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.T.","family":"Kearney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University Department of Pathobiological Sciences, , Baton Rouge, LA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.B.","family":"McMullin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SeaBuck Equine, LLC , Midvale, UT"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F.M.","family":"Andrews","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Medicine, Equine Health Studies Program, Louisiana State University Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, , Baton Rouge, LA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026020304164822700_jvim975-bib-0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.2746\/042516409X468056","article-title":"Equine gastric ulcer syndrome: The continuing conundrum","volume":"41","author":"Nadeau","year":"2009","journal-title":"Equine Vet J"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026020304164822700_jvim975-bib-0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3306.1999.tb05176.x","article-title":"Efficacy of omeprazole paste in the treatment and prevention of gastric ulcers in horses","volume":"29","author":"Andrews","year":"1999","journal-title":"Equine Vet J"},{"key":"2026020304164822700_jvim975-bib-0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1089\/jmf.2005.8.518","article-title":"Elemental and nutritional analysis of seabuckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides ssp. turkestanica) berries of Pakistani origin","volume":"8","author":"Sabir","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Med Food"},{"key":"2026020304164822700_jvim975-bib-0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1016\/S0924-2244(02)00136-X","article-title":"Composition and physiological effects of sea buckthorn (Hippophae)","volume":"13","author":"Yang","year":"2002","journal-title":"Trends Food Sci Technol"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026020304164822700_jvim975-bib-0005","first-page":"234","article-title":"Effects of sea buckthorn procyanidins on healing of acetic acid-induced lesions in rat stomach","volume":"16","author":"Xu","year":"2007","journal-title":"Asia Pac J Clin Nutri"},{"key":"2026020304164822700_jvim975-bib-0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-8741(01)00406-8","article-title":"Anti-oxidant and immunomodulatory properties of seabuckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides) \u2013 An in vitro study","volume":"79","author":"Geetha","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Ethnopharmacol"},{"key":"2026020304164822700_jvim975-bib-0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"644","DOI":"10.1016\/S0367-326X(02)00221-6","article-title":"Effects of sea buckthorn (Hippopha\u00eb rhamnoides L.) seed and pulp oils on experimental models of gastric ulcers in rats","volume":"73","author":"Xing","year":"2002","journal-title":"Fitoterapia"},{"key":"2026020304164822700_jvim975-bib-0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2530","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02087686","article-title":"Equine model of inducing ulceration in alimentary squamous epithelial mucosa","volume":"39","author":"Murray","year":"1994","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"2026020304164822700_jvim975-bib-0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3306.1997.tb03154.x","article-title":"A scoring system for gastric ulcers in the horse","volume":"6","author":"MacAllister","year":"1997","journal-title":"Equine Vet J"},{"key":"2026020304164822700_jvim975-bib-0010","first-page":"53","article-title":"Sea Buckthorn oils: Towards healthy mucous membranes","volume":"3","author":"Erkkola","year":"2003","journal-title":"AgroFood Industry hi-tech"},{"key":"2026020304164822700_jvim975-bib-0011","first-page":"115","article-title":"Oxidative stress and antioxidant status in peptic ulcer and gastric carcinoma","volume":"48","author":"Tandon","year":"2004","journal-title":"Indian J Physiol Pharmacol"},{"key":"2026020304164822700_jvim975-bib-0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1177\/1091581811417898","article-title":"Seabuckthorn attenuates cardiac dysfunction and oxidative stress in isoproterenol-induced cardiotoxicity in rats","volume":"30","author":"Malik","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J Toxicol"},{"key":"2026020304164822700_jvim975-bib-0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.2746\/042516401776563481","article-title":"Distribution of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFr) in normal and acute peptic-injured equine gastric squamous epithelium","volume":"33","author":"Jeffrey","year":"2001","journal-title":"Equine Vet J"},{"key":"2026020304164822700_jvim975-bib-0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1007\/s10753-009-9176-5","article-title":"Different mechanisms in formation and prevention of indomethacin-induced gastric ulcers","volume":"33","author":"Suleyman","year":"2010","journal-title":"Inflammation"},{"key":"2026020304164822700_jvim975-bib-0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9409","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M413398200","article-title":"Curcumin regulates expression and activity of matrix metalloproteinases 9 and 2 during prevention and healing of indomethacin-induced gastric ulcers","volume":"280","author":"Swarnakar","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"2026020304164822700_jvim975-bib-0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-230X-9-36","article-title":"Antiulcer activity of fluvoxamine in rats and its effect on oxidant and antioxidant parameters in stomach tissue","volume":"9","author":"Dursun","year":"2009","journal-title":"BMC Gastro"},{"key":"2026020304164822700_jvim975-bib-0017","first-page":"125","volume-title":"Proceedings 9th International Equine Colic Research Symposium","author":"Reese","year":"2008"},{"key":"2026020304164822700_jvim975-bib-0018","first-page":"525","article-title":"Feeding alfalfa hay to exercising horses reduces the severity of gastric squamous mucosal ulceration","volume":"53","author":"Lybbert","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proc Am Assoc Equine Pract"},{"key":"2026020304164822700_jvim975-bib-0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"784","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.2000.61.784","article-title":"Evaluation of diet as a cause of gastric ulcers in horses","volume":"7","author":"Nadeau","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"},{"key":"2026020304164822700_jvim975-bib-0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2008.11.004","article-title":"Nutrition and dietary management of equine gastric ulcer syndrome","volume":"25","author":"Reese","year":"2009","journal-title":"Vet Clin N Amer Eq Pract"},{"key":"2026020304164822700_jvim975-bib-0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3306.1993.tb02983.x","article-title":"Measurement of 24-h gastric pH using an indwelling pH electrode in horses unfed, fed and treated with ranitidine","volume":"5","author":"Murray","year":"1993","journal-title":"Equine Vet J"},{"key":"2026020304164822700_jvim975-bib-0022","volume-title":"The Health Effects of Seabuckthorn Berries and Oil","author":"Larmo","year":"2011"},{"key":"2026020304164822700_jvim975-bib-0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/79.5.727","article-title":"Polyphenols: Food sources and bioavailability","volume":"79","author":"Manach","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"2026020304164822700_jvim975-bib-0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1130","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1999.215.08.1130","article-title":"Prevalence of gastric ulcers in show horses","volume":"216","author":"McClure","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"}],"container-title":["Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fj.1939-1676.2012.00975.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jvim\/article-pdf\/26\/5\/1186\/66683097\/jvim975.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jvim\/article-pdf\/26\/5\/1186\/66683097\/jvim975.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T09:17:09Z","timestamp":1770110229000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jvim\/article\/26\/5\/1186\/8451536"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,9,1]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,9,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2012.00975.x","relation":{},"ISSN":["1939-1676"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1939-1676","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2012,9]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,9,1]]}}}