{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,6]],"date-time":"2026-11-06T03:07:35Z","timestamp":1793934455030,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,1]],"date-time":"2012-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1351728000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"name":"Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Copenhagen"},{"name":"Danish Council of Independent Research, Medical Sciences","award":["271-08-0998"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["271-08-0998"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Assessment of left ventricular (LV) function using conventional echocardiographic methods is difficult in mitral regurgitation (MR) owing to altered hemodynamic loading conditions. Newer methods such as speckle-tracking echocardiography (STE) provide assessment of LV strain (St) and strain rates (SR).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Hypotheses<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Global St and SR are 1) decreased in dogs with clinical signs of congestive heart failure (CHF) due to myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD) compared with clinically healthy dogs, and are 2) associated with conventional echocardiographic indices of MMVD severity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Animals<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study subjects were 93 privately owned dogs with different MMVD severities.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Prospectively recruited dogs were grouped according to MMVD severity based on echocardiographic evaluation of MR and presence of clinical signs. Global radial and longitudinal St, SR, and indices of LV dyssynchrony were assessed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>On group-wise comparisons, dogs with CHF had increased global longitudinal St, global longitudinal and radial SR in systole (SRs), and early diastole (SRe) compared with dogs with no or minimal MR (all P\u00a0&amp;lt;\u00a0.04). On multiple regression analyses, these global STE variables increased with degree of MR, but associations with left atrial-to-aortic root ratio (LA\/Ao) were best described by second-order polynomial equations. Thus, curvilinear relationships were found for LA\/Ao and longitudinal St, SRs, and SRe (all P\u00a0&amp;lt;\u00a0.002) and radial St and SRe (all P\u00a0&amp;lt; .001).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions and Clinical Importance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Assessed by STE, LV function appeared to be augmented in moderate-to-severe disease. However, at CHF stages with greatly enlarged atria, a decrease to levels comparable to dogs with no or minimal MR was observed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2012.01017.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,1]],"date-time":"2012-11-01T04:06:26Z","timestamp":1351742786000},"page":"1309-1319","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Radial and Longitudinal Strain and Strain Rate Assessed by Speckle-Tracking Echocardiography in Dogs with Myxomatous Mitral Valve Disease"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"N.E.","family":"Zois","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen Department of Veterinary Clinical and Animal Sciences, , Frederiksberg,","place":["Denmark"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Tidholm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Albano Animal Hospital , Danderyd,","place":["Sweden"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K.M.","family":"N\u00e4gga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen Department of Veterinary Clinical and Animal Sciences, , Frederiksberg,","place":["Denmark"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.G.","family":"Moesgaard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Novo Nordisk A\/S , M\u00e5l\u00f8v,","place":["Denmark"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.E.","family":"Rasmussen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen Department of Veterinary Clinical and Animal Sciences, , Frederiksberg,","place":["Denmark"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"Falk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen Department of Veterinary Clinical and Animal Sciences, , Frederiksberg,","place":["Denmark"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"H\u00e4ggstr\u00f6m","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Department of Clinical Sciences, , Uppsala,","place":["Sweden"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H.D.","family":"Pedersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Novo Nordisk A\/S , M\u00e5l\u00f8v,","place":["Denmark"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B.","family":"\u00c5blad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bl\u00e5 Stj\u00e4rnans Animal Hospital , Gothenburg,","place":["Sweden"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H.Y.","family":"Nilsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bl\u00e5 Stj\u00e4rnans Animal Hospital , Gothenburg,","place":["Sweden"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L.H.","family":"Olsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, , Frederiksberg,","place":["Denmark"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026020600171877500_jvim1017-bib-0001","first-page":"75","article-title":"Chronic valvular disease (endocardiosis) in dogs","volume":"21","author":"Buchanan","year":"1977","journal-title":"Adv Vet Sci Comp Med"},{"key":"2026020600171877500_jvim1017-bib-0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2006.04.003","article-title":"Arteriosclerotic changes in the myocardium, lung, and kidney in dogs with chronic congestive heart failure and myxomatous mitral valve disease","volume":"15","author":"Falk","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Pathol"},{"key":"2026020600171877500_jvim1017-bib-0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1984.184.04.455","article-title":"Myocardial function in small dogs with chronic mitral regurgitation and severe congestive heart failure","volume":"184","author":"Kittleson","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"2026020600171877500_jvim1017-bib-0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.70.1.131","article-title":"Cellular and ventricular contractile dysfunction in experimental canine mitral regurgitation","volume":"70","author":"Urabe","year":"1992","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"2026020600171877500_jvim1017-bib-0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejheart.2007.05.013","article-title":"Impaired contractile reserve in severe mitral valve regurgitation with a preserved ejection fraction","volume":"9","author":"McGinley","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"key":"2026020600171877500_jvim1017-bib-0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(81)90204-6","article-title":"Early changes in left ventricular size and function after correction of left ventricular volume overload","volume":"47","author":"Boucher","year":"1981","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"2026020600171877500_jvim1017-bib-0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"650","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.72.5.650","article-title":"Comparison of echocardiographic indices of myocardial strain with invasive measurements of left ventricular systolic function in anesthetized healthy dogs","volume":"72","author":"Culwell","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"},{"key":"2026020600171877500_jvim1017-bib-0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2005.10.040","article-title":"Noninvasive myocardial strain measurement by speckle tracking echocardiography: Validation against sonomicrometry and tagged magnetic resonance imaging","volume":"47","author":"Amundsen","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2026020600171877500_jvim1017-bib-0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvc.2006.11.002","article-title":"Radial strain and strain rate by two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography and tissue velocity based technique in the dog","volume":"9","author":"Chetboul","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Vet Cardiol"},{"key":"2026020600171877500_jvim1017-bib-0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvc.2010.08.001","article-title":"Comparison of longitudinal myocardial tissue velocity, strain, and strain rate measured by two-dimensional speckle tracking and by color tissue Doppler imaging in healthy dogs","volume":"13","author":"Wess","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Vet Cardiol"},{"key":"2026020600171877500_jvim1017-bib-0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-5827.1985.tb02199.x","article-title":"Observations on breed and sex in relation to canine heart valve incompetence","volume":"26","author":"Thrusfield","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Small Anim Pract"},{"key":"2026020600171877500_jvim1017-bib-0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.1999.tb02166.x","article-title":"Auscultation in mild mitral regurgitation in dogs: Observer variation, effects of physical maneuvers, and agreement with color Doppler echocardiography and phonocardiography","volume":"13","author":"Pedersen","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"key":"2026020600171877500_jvim1017-bib-0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"680","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2003.tb02500.x","article-title":"Decreased platelet function in Cavalier King Charles Spaniels with mitral valve regurgitation","volume":"17","author":"Tarnow","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"key":"2026020600171877500_jvim1017-bib-0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"698","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.1994.55.05.698","article-title":"Plasma concentration of atrial natriuretic peptide in relation to severity of mitral regurgitation in Cavalier King Charles Spaniels","volume":"55","author":"H\u00e4ggstr\u00f6m","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"},{"key":"2026020600171877500_jvim1017-bib-0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2004.tb02551.x","article-title":"Allometric scaling of M-mode cardiac measurements in normal adult dogs","volume":"18","author":"Cornell","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"key":"2026020600171877500_jvim1017-bib-0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1207","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.67.1207","article-title":"Assessment of left ventricular function using pulsed tissue Doppler imaging in healthy dogs and dogs with spontaneous mitral regurgitation","volume":"67","author":"Teshima","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Vet Med Sci"},{"key":"2026020600171877500_jvim1017-bib-0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvc.2011.02.001","article-title":"Echocardiographic assessment of interventricular and intraventricular mechanical synchrony in normal dogs","volume":"13","author":"Griffiths","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Vet Cardiol"},{"key":"2026020600171877500_jvim1017-bib-0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.1999.tb01461.x","article-title":"Clinical characteristics of 53 dogs with Doppler-derived evidence pf pulmonary hypertension: 1992\u20131996","volume":"13","author":"Johnson","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"key":"2026020600171877500_jvim1017-bib-0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvc.2011.11.002","article-title":"Left ventricular function quantified by myocardial strain imaging in small-breed dogs with chronic mitral regurgitation","volume":"14","author":"Smith","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Vet Cardiol"},{"key":"2026020600171877500_jvim1017-bib-0020","volume-title":"Differences in Systolic Function between Small and Large Breed Dogs with Myxomatous Mitral Valve Degeneration Assessed by Myocardial Strain and Strain Rate Measurements","author":"Wess","year":"2007"},{"key":"2026020600171877500_jvim1017-bib-0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H792","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00025.2002","article-title":"Myocardial function defined by strain rate and strain during alterations in inotropic states and heart rate","volume":"283","author":"Weidemann","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Heart C"},{"key":"2026020600171877500_jvim1017-bib-0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H188","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00429.2011","article-title":"The relative value of strain and strain rate for defining intrinsic myocardial function","volume":"302","author":"Ferferieva","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Heart C"},{"key":"2026020600171877500_jvim1017-bib-0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1527","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(97)00344-6","article-title":"Doppler tissue imaging: A noninvasive technique for evaluation of left ventricular relaxation and estimation of filling pressures","volume":"30","author":"Nagueh","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2026020600171877500_jvim1017-bib-0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2003.tb01327.x","article-title":"Regurgitant fraction measured by using the proximal isovelocity surface area method in dogs with chronic myxomatous mitral valve disease","volume":"17","author":"Kittleson","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"key":"2026020600171877500_jvim1017-bib-0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1393","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2010.0619.x","article-title":"Pulmonary blood volume in mitral regurgitation in Cavalier King Charles Spaniels","volume":"24","author":"Eriksson","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"key":"2026020600171877500_jvim1017-bib-0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H961","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.1997.273.2.H961","article-title":"Volume-overload cardiac hypertrophy is unaffected by ACE inhibitor treatment in dogs","volume":"273","author":"Dell'italia","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Physiol - Heart C"},{"key":"2026020600171877500_jvim1017-bib-0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.63.5.911","article-title":"Sensitization of dog and guinea pig heart myofilaments to Ca2+ activation and the inotropic effect of pimobendan: Comparison with milrinone","volume":"63","author":"Fujino","year":"1988","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"2026020600171877500_jvim1017-bib-0028","first-page":"176","article-title":"Segmental and global longitudinal strain and strain rate based on echocardiography of 1266 healthy individuals: The HUNT study in Norway","volume":"11","author":"Dalen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur J Echocardiogr"},{"key":"2026020600171877500_jvim1017-bib-0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.3109\/10976649909088333","article-title":"Noninvasive measurement of three-dimensional myocardial deformation with tagged magnetic resonance imaging during graded local ischemia","volume":"1","author":"Moore","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Magn Reson"},{"key":"2026020600171877500_jvim1017-bib-0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1138","DOI":"10.1016\/j.echo.2008.07.016","article-title":"The functional role of longitudinal, circumferential, and radial myocardial deformation for regulating the early impairment of left ventricular contraction and relaxation in patients with cardiovascular risk factors: A study with two-dimensional strain imaging","volume":"21","author":"Mizuguchi","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Am Soc Echocardiogr"}],"container-title":["Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fj.1939-1676.2012.01017.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jvim\/article-pdf\/26\/6\/1309\/66683503\/jvim1017.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jvim\/article-pdf\/26\/6\/1309\/66683503\/jvim1017.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,6]],"date-time":"2026-02-06T05:17:27Z","timestamp":1770355047000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jvim\/article\/26\/6\/1309\/8451626"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,1]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2012.01017.x","relation":{},"ISSN":["1939-1676"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1939-1676","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2012,11]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,1]]}}}