{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T16:12:34Z","timestamp":1792858354455,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,7,4]],"date-time":"2012-07-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1341360000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecular Oral Microbiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Streptococcus pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> colonizes the upper respiratory tract from where the organisms may disseminate systemically to cause life threatening infections. The mechanisms by which pneumococci colonize epithelia are not understood, but neuraminidase A (NanA) has a major role in promoting growth and survival in the upper respiratory tract. In this article we show that mutants of <jats:italic>S.\u00a0pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> D39 deficient in NanA or neuraminidase B (NanB) are abrogated in adherence to three epithelial cell lines, and to primary nasopharyngeal cells. Adherence levels were partly restored by <jats:italic>nanA<\/jats:italic> complementation <jats:italic>in trans.<\/jats:italic> Enzymic activity of NanA was shown to be necessary for pneumococcal adherence to epithelial cells, and adherence of the <jats:italic>nanA<\/jats:italic> mutant was restored to wild\u2010type level by pre\u2010incubation of epithelial cells with <jats:italic>Lactococcus lactis<\/jats:italic> cells expressing NanA. Pneumococcal <jats:italic>nanA<\/jats:italic> or <jats:italic>nanB<\/jats:italic> mutants were deficient in biofilm formation, while expression of NanA on <jats:italic>L.\u00a0lactis<\/jats:italic> or <jats:italic>Streptococcus gordonii<\/jats:italic> promoted biofilm formation by these heterologous host organisms. The results suggest that NanA is an enzymic factor mediating adherence to epithelial cells by decrypting receptors for adhesion, and functions at least in part as an adhesin in biofilm formation. Neuraminidase A thus appears to play multiple temporal roles in pneumococcal infection, from adherence to host tissues, colonization, and community development, to systemic spread and crossing of the blood\u2010brain barrier.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2041-1014.2012.00658.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,1]],"date-time":"2012-06-01T18:29:29Z","timestamp":1338575369000},"page":"270-283","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":64,"title":["Pneumococcal neuraminidase A: an essential upper airway colonization factor for <i>Streptococcus 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