{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T19:56:46Z","timestamp":1791489406720,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,7,21]],"date-time":"2012-07-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1342828800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecular Oral Microbiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Treponema denticola<\/jats:italic> is one of the major pathogens associated with chronic periodontitis. Bacterial invasion into gingival tissues is a critical process in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease. We recently reported that <jats:italic>T.\u00a0denticola<\/jats:italic> can invade gingival epithelial cells. The aim of this study is to determine the fate of internalized <jats:italic>T.\u00a0denticola<\/jats:italic> in gingival epithelial cells. Immortalized human gingival epithelial HOK\u201016B cells were infected with 5\u2010 (and 6\u2010) carboxy\u2010fluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester (CFSE)\u2010labeled live or heat\u2010killed <jats:italic>T.\u00a0denticola<\/jats:italic> for 24\u2003h, and the presence of bacteria inside the cells was confirmed by confocal microscopy. Live <jats:italic>T.\u00a0denticola<\/jats:italic>, but not heat\u2010killed bacteria, invaded HOK\u201016B cells. Confocal microscopy also revealed that internalized <jats:italic>T.\u00a0denticola<\/jats:italic> rarely colocalized with either endosomes or lysosomes. Transmission electron microscopy of infected cells showed that intracellular <jats:italic>T.\u00a0denticola<\/jats:italic> was localized inside endosome\u2010like structures. Although a culture\u2010based antibiotics protection assay could not detect viable intracellular <jats:italic>T.\u00a0denticola<\/jats:italic> 12\u2003h after infection, a substantial number of bacteria were observed by confocal microscopy and weak expression of bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA was detected 48\u2003h after infection. In addition, flow cytometric analysis of HOK\u201016B cells infected with CFSE\u2010labeled <jats:italic>T.\u00a0denticola<\/jats:italic> showed no loss of fluorescence over 48\u2003h. Collectively, <jats:italic>T.\u00a0denticola<\/jats:italic> invades gingival epithelial cells and remains within the host cells for many hours by resisting endolysosomal degradation. These findings may provide new insight into the role of <jats:italic>T.\u00a0denticola<\/jats:italic> in the pathogenesis of periodontitis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2041-1014.2012.00660.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,18]],"date-time":"2012-06-18T19:26:45Z","timestamp":1340047605000},"page":"471-482","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["The fate of <i>Treponema denticola<\/i> within human gingival epithelial cells"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"J.","family":"Shin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Y.","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,7,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","first-page":"181","article-title":"Hijacking of eukaryotic functions by intracellular bacterial pathogens","volume":"7","author":"Alonso 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