{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,2]],"date-time":"2025-11-02T16:33:11Z","timestamp":1762101191968,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"s39","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,25]],"date-time":"2011-07-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1311552000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["beva.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Equine Veterinary Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Reasons for performing study:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Validation of a reliable, noninvasive clinical test for quantification of equine orocaecal transit time (OCTT) is required. This would facilitate an evidence\u2010based approach to investigation and treatment of equine small intestinal disorders.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Objectives:<\/jats:bold>\n                    1) Comparison of the lactose\n                    <jats:sup>13<\/jats:sup>\n                    C\u2010ureide breath test (LUBT) with the hydrogen breath test (H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    BT) for OCTT measurement. 2) Identification of the characteristics of gastrointestinal microbial glycosylureide hydrolase activity\n                    <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    . 3) Production of an optimised protocol for the LUBT for\n                    <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    measurement of equine OCTT.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Hypothesis:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Significant lactose\n                    <jats:sup>13<\/jats:sup>\n                    C\u2010ureide (\n                    <jats:sup>13<\/jats:sup>\n                    C\u2010LU) hydrolase activity is restricted to the large bowel. The rate of expiratory\n                    <jats:sup>13<\/jats:sup>\n                    CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    production after ingestion of the isotope will provide an indirect quantifiable measure of orocaecal transit rate. Requisite bacterial activity may be enhanced by a primer dose of unlabelled substrate as shown in Man.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Combined LUBT and H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    BT were performed in 8 healthy individuals. Analysis of sequential end expiratory breath samples was used to calculate OCTT and results compared. Digestion of\n                    <jats:sup>13<\/jats:sup>\n                    C\u2010LU was investigated\n                    <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    using fresh faecal material or intestinal aliquots collected\n                    <jats:italic>post mortem<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Isotopic fermentation rate was measured by rate of appearance of\n                    <jats:sup>13<\/jats:sup>\n                    CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    .\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Peaks in expiratory\n                    <jats:sup>13<\/jats:sup>\n                    CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    occurred in all individuals after ingestion of the labelled test meal, whereas H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    expiration was variable. Both faecal and intestinal microbial digestion of\n                    <jats:sup>13<\/jats:sup>\n                    C\u2010LU were maximised by prior exposure to\n                    <jats:sup>12<\/jats:sup>\n                    C\u2010LU. Induced bacterial glucoseureide hydrolase activity was significantly greater in the caecum than in the small intestine (n = 10, P&lt;0.05).\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusions:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Significant\n                    <jats:sup>13<\/jats:sup>\n                    C\u2010LU digestion is restricted to the equine large intestine under normal conditions, and is enhanced by prior exposure to\n                    <jats:sup>12<\/jats:sup>\n                    C\u2010LU, making\n                    <jats:sup>13<\/jats:sup>\n                    C\u2010LU a suitable noninvasive marker of equine OCTT. The LUBT is more reliable than the H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    BT for measurement of equine OCTT.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3306.2011.00406.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,26]],"date-time":"2011-07-26T09:46:31Z","timestamp":1311673591000},"page":"42-48","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["<i>In vitro<\/i>\n                    validation of the lactose\n                    <sup>13<\/sup>\n                    C\u2010ureide breath test for equine orocaecal transit time measurement"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"D. G. 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