{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,7]],"date-time":"2026-02-07T03:30:56Z","timestamp":1770435056969,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"s40","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,11,15]],"date-time":"2011-11-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1321315200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":14,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["beva.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Equine Veterinary Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Reasons for performing study:<\/jats:bold>\n                    <jats:italic>Lawsonia intracellularis<\/jats:italic>\n                    is the causative agent of equine proliferative enteropathy (EPE), a disease for which no large\u2010scale seroprevalence studies have been conducted.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Objectives:<\/jats:bold>\n                    To validate and use an equine\u2010specific enzyme\u2010linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for\n                    <jats:italic>L.\u2003intracellularis<\/jats:italic>\n                    to determine the seroprevalence of\n                    <jats:italic>L.\u2003intracellularis<\/jats:italic>\n                    on numerous farms.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold>\n                    An ELISA, in which purified antigen was used, was adapted from previous work in swine. A total of 337 Thoroughbreds from 25 central Kentucky farms were enrolled and monthly serum samples collected from August 2010 to January\/February 2011. Samples were screened for\n                    <jats:italic>L.\u2003intracellularis<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010specific antibodies using a modified ELISA. Farms were classified into one of 3 groups based on 3 year prior history with EPE.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold>\n                    The ELISA intra\u2010assay coefficient of variation (CV) was 6.73 and inter\u2010assay CV was 9.60. An overall seroprevalence of 68% was obtained, with farm\u2010specific seroprevalances ranging from 14 to 100%. A significant difference was found in the average seroprevalence (P&lt;0.05) on farms with a confirmed recent history of EPE cases. Additionally, both lower average ELISA unit (EU) values (P = 0.079) and maximum EU values (P = 0.056) were detected on farms with no recent EPE history when compared to the other groups. A bimodal exposure distribution to\n                    <jats:italic>L.\u2003intracellularis<\/jats:italic>\n                    was detected in the fall and winter months.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusions:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Recent history of EPE was associated with higher average seroprevalence indicating increased exposure on farms with prior cases of EPE. Seasonally bimodal exposure was also observed.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Potential relevance:<\/jats:bold>\n                    The adapted ELISA appears to be useful for determination of\n                    <jats:italic>L.\u2003intracellularis<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010specific antibody levels. The high farm\u2010specific seroprevalences and bimodal distribution of exposure to\n                    <jats:italic>L.\u2003intracellularis<\/jats:italic>\n                    were unexpected and suggest that farms with a previous history of EPE remain at risk due to heightened exposure levels beyond early winter.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3306.2011.00487.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,11,15]],"date-time":"2011-11-15T22:29:05Z","timestamp":1321396145000},"page":"25-31","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Adaptation and validation of a bacteria\u2010specific enzyme\u2010linked immunosorbent assay for determination of farm\u2010specific\n                    <i>Lawsonia intracellularis<\/i>\n                    seroprevalence in central Kentucky Thoroughbreds"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"A. 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