{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,11]],"date-time":"2026-05-11T00:31:16Z","timestamp":1778459476928,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,23]],"date-time":"2012-10-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1350950400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["beva.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Equine Veterinary Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Reasons for performing the study<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Atrial fibrillation (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AF<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ) is the most important dysrhythmia affecting performance in horses and has been associated with incoordination, collapse and sudden death. Limited information is available on ventricular response during exercise in horses with lone\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AF<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      To investigate ventricular response in horses with lone\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AF<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      during a standardised lungeing exercise test.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A modified base\u2010apex electrocardiogram was recorded at rest and during a standardised lungeing exercise test from 43 horses diagnosed with lone\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AF<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      . During the test horses walked for 7\u2009min, trotted for 10\u2009min, cantered for 4\u2009min, galloped for 1\u2009min and recovered for 7\u2009min.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Individual average heart rate during walk ranged from 42 to 175\u2009beats\/min, during trot from 89 to 207 beats\/min, during canter from 141 to 269 beats\/min, and during gallop from 191 to 311 beats\/min. Individual beat\u2010to\u2010beat maximal heart rate ranged from 248 to 492 beats\/min. Ventricular premature depolarisations were present in 81% of the horses: at rest (16%), during exercise (69%), and during recovery (2%). In 33% of the horses, broad\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">QRS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      complexes with\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">R<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      \u2010on\u2010\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">T<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      morphology were found.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Exercising horses with lone\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AF<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      frequently develop disproportionate tachycardia. In addition,\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">QRS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      broadening and even\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">R<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      \u2010on\u2010\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">T<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      morphology is frequently found.\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">QRS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      broadening may originate from ventricular ectopic foci or from aberrant intraventricular conduction, for example due to bundle branch block. This might explain the high number of complexes currently classified as ventricular premature depolarisations.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Potential relevance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Prevalence of\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">QRS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      broadening and especially R\u2010on\u2010T was very high in horses with\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AF<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      and was found at low levels of exercise. These dysrhythmias are considered risk factors for the development of ventricular tachycardia and fibrillation and they might explain signs of weakness, collapse or sudden death that have been reported in horses with\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AF<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3306.2012.00653.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,27]],"date-time":"2012-08-27T16:24:53Z","timestamp":1346084693000},"page":"309-314","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":50,"title":["Ventricular response during lungeing exercise in horses with lone atrial fibrillation"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"T.","family":"Verheyen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Large Animal Internal Medicine Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Ghent University  Merelbeke Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Decloedt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Large Animal Internal Medicine Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Ghent University  Merelbeke Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"N.","family":"van der Vekens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Large Animal Internal Medicine Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Ghent University  Merelbeke Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Sys","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Large Animal Internal Medicine Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Ghent University  Merelbeke Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"De Clercq","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Large Animal Internal Medicine Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Ghent University  Merelbeke Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"van Loon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Large Animal Internal Medicine Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Ghent University  Merelbeke Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3306.1971.tb04441.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2005.04.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2746\/042516407X182811"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3292.1999.tb00910.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1982.180.03.261","article-title":"Atrial fibrillation in horses \u2013 a review of 106 clinical cases, with consideration of prevalence, clinical signs, and prognosis","volume":"180","author":"Deem D.A.","year":"1982","journal-title":"J. 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