{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T09:43:19Z","timestamp":1791106999554,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,1]],"date-time":"2011-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1314835200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Previously, the flavonoid (\u00b1)-catechin was shown to exert potent neuroprotective action in the mouse 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine-induced Parkinson's disease model. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the different enantiomers of catechin ((+)-catechin, (\u2212)-catechin and (\u00b1)-catechin, a 50 : 50 mixture of (+)-catechin and (\u2212)-catechin) could protect SH-SY5Y cells against 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (MPP+) toxicity by decreasing the generation of oxygen free radicals. The inhibitive effect of (\u00b1)-catechin on JNK\/c-Jun activation was investigated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The effects of (+)-catechin, (\u2212)-catechin or (\u00b1)-catechin in protecting against MPP+ toxicity were evaluated and compared in SH-SY5Y cells by testing the release of lactate dehydrogenase. The generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was measured by immunochemistry and the phosphorylation level of JNK\/c-Jun was determined by Western blotting.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Key findings<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In SH-SY5Y cells, (+)-catechin, (\u2212)-catechin or (\u00b1)-catechin reduced apoptosis induced by MPP+ and decreased ROS generation caused by MPP+. Different enantiomers of catechin showed protective effects at similar potency. Moreover (\u00b1)-catechin decreased JNK\/c-Jun phosphorylation which was increased by MPP+.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Catechin and its two enantiomers could protect SH-SY5Y cells against MPP+ cytotoxicity at a similar potency. Antioxidative stress and inhibition of the JNK\/c-Jun signalling pathway might have been involved in the neuroprotective mechanisms of catechin against MPP+ cytotoxicity in SH-SY5Y cells.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-7158.2011.01293.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,6,21]],"date-time":"2011-06-21T01:54:04Z","timestamp":1308621244000},"page":"1169-1174","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Similar potency of catechin and its enantiomers in alleviating 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion cytotoxicity in SH-SY5Y cells"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"63","author":[{"given":"Hao-lan","family":"Ruan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangdong Institute for Drug Control , Guangzhou,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiao-nan","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xue-lan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ru-zhu","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,1]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"2024103013291983000_cit1","first-page":"24","article-title":"Oxidative mechanisms in nigral cell death in Parkinson's disease","volume":"13","author":"Jenner","year":"1998","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"2024103013291983000_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1023\/B:JOBB.0000041772.74810.92","article-title":"Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative damage in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases and coenzyme Q10 as a potential treatment","volume":"36","author":"Beal","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Bioenerg Biomembr"},{"key":"2024103013291983000_cit3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"804","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410320616","article-title":"The oxidant stress hypothesis in Parkinson's disease: evidence supporting 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