{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,13]],"date-time":"2026-11-13T03:01:39Z","timestamp":1794538899844,"version":"4.9.1"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,22]],"date-time":"2011-09-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1316649600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["British J Social Psychol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>In two studies, we investigate the effect of individuals\u2019 promotion and prevention focus on engagement in collective action. We show that responding to group\u2010based disadvantage out of a sense of moral conviction motivates prevention\u2010oriented\u2013 but not promotion\u2010oriented\u2013 individuals to engage in collective action. Furthermore, holding such strong moral convictions about the fair treatment of their group causes the prevention\u2010oriented to disregard societal rules against hostile forms of collective action (i.e., forms of action that are aimed at harming the interests of those held responsible for the group's disadvantage). Study 1 showed that prevention\u2010oriented individuals, but not promotion\u2010oriented individuals, with a strong moral conviction about the fair treatment of their group are willing to support both hostile and benevolent forms of collective action. Study 2 replicated this effect and showed that for prevention\u2010oriented individuals but not for promotion\u2010oriented individuals, holding a strong moral conviction about the fair treatment of the group overrides moral objections to hostile forms of collective action in the decision to support these forms of action.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2044-8309.2011.02069.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,27]],"date-time":"2011-09-27T12:04:01Z","timestamp":1317125041000},"page":"670-689","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":78,"title":["By any means necessary: The effects of regulatory focus and moral conviction on hostile and benevolent forms of collective action"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"50","author":[{"given":"Maarten P.","family":"Zaal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Colette Van","family":"Laar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomas","family":"St\u00e5hl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naomi","family":"Ellemers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Belle","family":"Derks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","unstructured":"Aiken L. S. &West S. G.(1991).Multiple Regression: Testing and Interpreting interactions. Newbury Park CA :Sage."},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/0022-4537.00126"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/0162-895X.00304"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/obhd.1996.2675"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.72.3.617"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.64.5.766"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/019251219301400203"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ejsp.27"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.66.2.276"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.94.3.319"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0003-066X.52.12.1280"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0021-9029.2006.00077.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_14_1","first-page":"252","article-title":"Distinguishing gains from nonlosses and losses from nongains: A regulatory focus perspective on hedonic intensity","volume":"36","author":"Idson L. C.","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Psychology"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0013779"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14792779343000022"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2095417"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09546550600570119"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_19_1","first-page":"257","volume-title":"The psychology of prejudice: The Ontario symposium","author":"Lalonde R. N.","year":"1994"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1368430202005001808"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_21_1","article-title":"A very French message from the disaffected","author":"Landler M.","year":"2005","journal-title":"New York Times"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.83.4.854"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_23_1","volume-title":"If all else fails? Predicting support for political violence","author":"Louis W. R.","year":"2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1368430205056465"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.90.4.629"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.76.2.229"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jesp.2006.05.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2044-8309.1994.tb01015.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ejsp.358"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.90.6.944"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jesp.2007.06.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0019715"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.87.1.38"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.73.3.447"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.74.3.646"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0146167202288003"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/S15327957PSPR0704_02"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9221.2007.00611.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.88.6.895"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-2415.2002.00024.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.52.4.689"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.105.1.131"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0146167209336681"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_44_1","volume-title":"Nothing to lose: Desperate circumstances require desperate measures","author":"Spears R.","year":"2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1080\/10463280340000117","article-title":"Collective action: Towards a dual\u2010pathway model","volume":"15","author":"St\u00fcrmer S.","year":"2005","journal-title":"European Review of Social Psychology"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3090142"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jrp.2007.05.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_48_1","first-page":"33","volume-title":"The social psychology of intergroup relations","author":"Tajfel H.","year":"1979"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0022728"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.134.4.504"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_51_1","article-title":"On conviction's collective consequences: Integrating moral conviction with the social identity model of collective action","author":"Van Zomeren M.","year":"2011","journal-title":"British Journal of Social Psychology"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.87.5.649"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_53_1","first-page":"98","article-title":"Dimensions of political action: A cross\u2010cultural analysis","volume":"75","author":"Wolfsfeld G.","year":"1994","journal-title":"Social Science Quarterly"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1099-0992(199807\/08)28:4<647::AID-EJSP887>3.0.CO;2-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.58.6.994"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01048399"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jesp.2003.10.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2044-8309.2010.02006.x"}],"container-title":["British Journal of Social Psychology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fj.2044-8309.2011.02069.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/bpspsychub.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/j.2044-8309.2011.02069.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T12:47:38Z","timestamp":1761742058000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bpspsychub.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/j.2044-8309.2011.02069.x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,22]]},"references-count":57,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/j.2044-8309.2011.02069.x"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.2044-8309.2011.02069.x","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0144-6665","2044-8309"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0144-6665","type":"print"},{"value":"2044-8309","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,22]]}}}