{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,4]],"date-time":"2025-11-04T14:52:47Z","timestamp":1762267967927,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,14]],"date-time":"2011-07-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1310601600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":10908,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["British Journal of Medical Psychology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1981,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Four different disease concepts are examined. In pre\u2010scientific times, diseases were regarded as independent entities outside and inside the body of patients. This view is still alive in such expressions as \u2018disease carrier\u2019 and similar idioms. Sydenham' disease entity was akin to a Platonic \u2018idea\u2019 namely as \u2018species\u2019, \u2018substantial form\u2019 or \u2018essence\u2019 which had a singular independent existence in some metaphysical realm. Therefore, the talk at the time was that a patient suffered from, say, \u2018the\u2019 pox. Virchow's disease entities were semi\u2010independent parasitic parts in the bodies of different patients. Therefore, patients were said to suffer from, say, \u2018a\u2019 pneumonia. In modern times diseases are no longer regarded as independent or semi\u2010independent entities. They are merely attribute complexes in patients. As such, they require no grammatical article. Patients are said to suffer from, say, pneumonia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>The different views of disease concepts are finally examined within a framework provided by the modern logic of classes. The pre\u2010scientific and Virchowian disease entities are members in a class \u2018extension\u2019. Sydenham's disease entity corresponds to a class entity abstracted from class members. Modern diseases are attributes listed in the class \u2018intension\u2019. The different disease concepts thus have different logical implications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2044-8341.1981.tb01458.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,14]],"date-time":"2011-07-14T04:25:07Z","timestamp":1310617507000},"page":"277-286","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Disease concepts and the logic of classes*"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"54","author":[{"given":"F. Kr\u00e4upl","family":"Taylor","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,14]]},"container-title":["British Journal of Medical Psychology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fj.2044-8341.1981.tb01458.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/bpspsychub.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/j.2044-8341.1981.tb01458.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,4]],"date-time":"2025-11-04T14:43:43Z","timestamp":1762267423000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bpspsychub.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/j.2044-8341.1981.tb01458.x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1981,9]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1981,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/j.2044-8341.1981.tb01458.x"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.2044-8341.1981.tb01458.x","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0007-1129"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0007-1129"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1981,9]]}}}