{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]],"date-time":"2026-03-16T21:55:31Z","timestamp":1773698131830,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,20]],"date-time":"2011-05-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1305849600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Psychol Psychother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Objectives.<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u2003Longitudinal measurements can provide important information regarding variations in developmental trajectories of patients in long\u2010term treatment. The present study investigated changes in general symptoms, depression, anxiety, and interpersonal problems during the first 2 years of long\u2010term psychoanalytic psychotherapy (PP) and psychoanalysis (PA). It was expected that interpersonal problems would diminish more slowly compared to symptomatic dysfunction.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Design.<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u2003An accelerated longitudinal design with five consecutive measurement points across two cohorts of patients was used.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Methods.<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u2003Changes on the Symptom Checklist\u201090\u2010R (SCL\u201090\u2010R), Beck Depression Inventory\u2010II (BDI\u2010II), State\u2010Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), and Inventory of Interpersonal Problems\u201064 (IIP\u201064) were investigated during the first 2 years of long\u2010term PP (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 73) and PA (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 40). Linear regression analysis was performed to model the different courses of improvement.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Results.<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u2003After 2 years of treatment, patients in both groups still presented moderate to high levels of symptoms and interpersonal problems compared to non\u2010clinical populations. As expected, interpersonal problems changed less rapidly. PP patients changed both with regard to symptomatic and interpersonal problems, whereas the only significant change in the PA group was on one of the symptomatic subscales. Slopes in the PA group and in PP group did not differ significantly from each other, except for the IIP\u201064 scale intrusive, with PP patients showing significantly more improvement than PA patients. The height of intake values of the outcome variables appeared to predict the speed of symptomatic recovery.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusions.<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u2003Symptoms and interpersonal problems did not decrease notably within the first 2 years of psychoanalytic treatment. This is consistent with the idea that significant change takes time for patients with chronic mental disorders and personality pathology. In regular practice, it is advisable to monitor changes routinely in order to identify slow responders more quickly and change the treatment plan, if necessary.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2044-8341.2011.02022.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,20]],"date-time":"2011-05-20T17:43:40Z","timestamp":1305913420000},"page":"203-219","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Changes in symptoms and interpersonal problems during the first 2 years of long\u2010term psychoanalytic psychotherapy and psychoanalysis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"85","author":[{"given":"Caspar C.","family":"Berghout","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jolien","family":"Zevalkink","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael W.","family":"Katzko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joop T.","family":"de Jong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890423349"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","first-page":"139","volume-title":"The analysis of change","author":"Anderson E. 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