{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T17:20:33Z","timestamp":1790788833116,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,17]],"date-time":"2012-05-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1337212800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Psychol Psychother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Background.<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u2003People with personality disorders, especially those who also experience high self\u2010criticism and shame, are known to be a therapeutic challenge and there is a high dropout rate from therapy. Compassion\u2010focused therapy (CFT) was designed to address shame and self\u2010criticism specifically, and to develop people's ability to be self\u2010reassuring and more compassionate to themselves and others.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Aims.<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u2003This study explored how CFT affected self\u2010criticism and self\u2010attacking thoughts, feelings, and behaviours, as well as the general symptoms of anxiety, stress, and depression of a personality disordered group within an outpatient group setting, and evaluated the extent of maintenance at a 1\u2010year follow\u2010up. A secondary objective was to identify some of the key characteristics that such an intervention would require. This was a pilot study exploring the feasibility, acceptability, and potential value of CFT in treating this difficult population and, as such, was designed as a pre\u2010randomized controlled trial (RCT) to provide evidence to support applications for funding for an RCT.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Methods and design.<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u2003This study utilized a mixed method combining qualitative and quantitative methods to support a programme evaluation. Eight participants were introduced to the evolutionary\u2010based CFT model and taken through explorations of the nature of self\u2010criticism and shame. In subsequent sessions, participants were taught the main compassion\u2010focused exercises, and any difficulties were addressed. The group was asked to share their personal stories and experiences of practicing self\u2010compassion and to develop compassionate encouragement for each other. Self\u2010report measures were administered at the beginning, end, and at a 1\u2010year follow\u2010up.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Results.<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u2003This 16\u2010week group therapy was associated with significant reductions in shame measured by the Others as Shamer Scale (OAS), social comparison on the Social Comparison Scale (SCS) feelings of hating oneself, and an increase in abilities to be self\u2010reassuring on the Self\u2010Attacking and Self\u2010Reassuring Scale (FSCRS), depression and stress measured by the Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS). There were significant changes on all CORE variables, well\u2010being, risk, functioning, and problems. Also interesting was that all variables showed a trend for continued improvement at 1\u2010year follow\u2010up, albeit statistically non\u2010significant. A content analysis revealed that patients had found it a moving and very significant process in their efforts to develop emotional regulation and self\u2010understanding.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusion.<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u2003CFT, delivered in a routine psychotherapy department for personality disorders, revealed a beneficial impact on a range of outcome measures. These improvements were maintained and further changes noted at 1\u2010year follow\u2010up. Further research is needed to explore the benefits of CFT using more detailed analysis and RCTs.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2044-8341.2012.02068.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,17]],"date-time":"2012-05-17T13:53:31Z","timestamp":1337262811000},"page":"387-400","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":135,"title":["An exploration of group compassion\u2010focused therapy for personality disorder"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"86","author":[{"given":"Katherine M.","family":"Lucre","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naomi","family":"Corten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0191-8869(95)00086-L"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2044-8260.1997.tb01255.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0191-8869(94)90150-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9781615370887"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780195114799.003.0009","volume-title":"Shame: Interpersonal behavior, psychopathology and culture","author":"Andrews B.","year":"1998"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","first-page":"176","volume-title":"Psychological Assessment","author":"Antony M. 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