{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T20:16:20Z","timestamp":1789676180047,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,8]],"date-time":"2012-10-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1349654400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Obesity"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:label\/><jats:p><jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n<jats:title>What is already known about this subject<\/jats:title>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Many preschool children do not participate in adequate physical activity, despite physical activity being a critical behaviour for obesity prevention.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Environmental factors such as indoor and outdoor settings affect physical activity levels.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Direct observation and accelerometry are valid and complementary methods for assessing physical activity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<\/jats:list><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:label\/><jats:p><jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n<jats:title>What this study adds<\/jats:title>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>This study uses both direct observation and accelerometry to describe a unique pattern of physical activity in high\u2010active children.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>High\u2010active children are more active than lower\u2010active children while indoors.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>High\u2010active children participate in different movement types throughout the school day compared with lower\u2010active children.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<\/jats:list><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Understanding the physical activity behaviour of young children who are highly active may provide important guidance for promoting physical activity in preschools.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>The objective of this study was to describe the movement characteristics of high\u2010active (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HA<\/jats:styled-content>) children during attendance at preschools.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Children in 20 preschools (<jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">n<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009231) wore accelerometers and were classified into tertiles of moderate\u2010to\u2010vigorous physical activity. Children's movement characteristics were observed using the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">O<\/jats:styled-content>bservational <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">S<\/jats:styled-content>ystem for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">R<\/jats:styled-content>ecording <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">P<\/jats:styled-content>hysical <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">A<\/jats:styled-content>ctivity in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<\/jats:styled-content>hildren \u2013 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">P<\/jats:styled-content>reschool <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">V<\/jats:styled-content>ersion. Mixed\u2010model analyses compared movement types between <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HA<\/jats:styled-content> children and lower\u2010active (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LA<\/jats:styled-content>) children during the total school day.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HA<\/jats:styled-content> (<jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">n<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200977) children were observed to be more active than <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LA<\/jats:styled-content> children (<jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">n<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009154) indoors (<jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">P<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), but no differences were observed outdoors. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HA<\/jats:styled-content> children were more frequently observed running, crawling, climbing, jumping, skipping, swinging and throwing across the total school day than <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LA<\/jats:styled-content> children. Outdoors, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HA<\/jats:styled-content> children participated in more swinging and throwing and less jumping or skipping than <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LA<\/jats:styled-content> children. Indoors, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HA<\/jats:styled-content> children spent more time pulling, pushing and running, and less time walking than <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LA<\/jats:styled-content> children.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HA<\/jats:styled-content> children have unique activity patterns. Further interventions to increase physical activity of all preschoolers should increase the time spent outside and include varied activity types throughout the entire school day.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2047-6310.2012.00099.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,8]],"date-time":"2012-10-08T11:31:12Z","timestamp":1349695872000},"page":"142-149","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Physical activity behaviours of highly active preschoolers"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"E. K.","family":"Howie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Exercise Science University of South Carolina  Columbia SC USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"W. 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