{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T12:25:17Z","timestamp":1778675117772,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,13]],"date-time":"2012-12-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1355356800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Obesity"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,10]]},"abstract":"Summary<\/jats:title>What is already known about this subject<\/jats:title>\nChildhood obesity plays a fundamental role in the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD<\/jats:styled-content>) and type 2 diabetes in adulthood.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\nClinical guidelines for the early management of CVD<\/jats:styled-content> in children are poorly defined. Traditional cholesterol biomarkers such as low\u2010density lipoprotein cholesterol usually fall within the normal range in pre\u2010pubertal children with obesity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\nRemnant lipoproteins are overproduced by the intestine during obesity and type\u20102 diabetes in adults and are an independent risk factor for CVD<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<\/jats:list><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>What this study adds<\/jats:title>\nPre\u2010pubertal children with obesity have elevated (3\u2010fold) remnant lipoprotein concentration (assessed as apolipoprotein B<\/jats:styled-content>48) relative to non\u2010obese controls, suggesting impaired metabolism of these atherogenic lipoproteins and potential increased CVD<\/jats:styled-content> risk.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\nFasting apolipoprotein B48 is positively and significantly correlated with lipid biomarkers including triglyceride, total cholesterol and total cholesterol\/high\u2010density lipoprotein cholesterol in pre\u2010pubertal children with obesity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<\/jats:list><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Objectives<\/jats:title>Current clinical guidelines to assess paediatric cardiovascular disease (CVD<\/jats:styled-content>) risk heavily rely on cholesterol parameters that are generally normal for obese children. Remnant lipoproteins have emerged as a critical CVD<\/jats:styled-content> risk factor particularly in adults with normolipidemia. We assessed remnant lipoprotein concentration (measured by apolipoprotein [apo] B<\/jats:styled-content>48) and its relationship with other traditional CVD<\/jats:styled-content> risk biomarkers in pre\u2010pubertal children with obesity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Methods<\/jats:title>Pre\u2010pubertal children (n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200978) with obesity (n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200939, 9.9\u2009\u00b1\u20090.3\u2009years old) as well as sex\u2010matched normal\u2010weight controls (n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200939, 9.8\u2009\u00b1\u20090.3\u2009years) were assessed for anthropometry, blood pressure and fasting plasma biochemical parameters for remnant lipoprotein, lipid and glucose\/insulin metabolism, and inflammatory status.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>Children with obesity had striking 2\u2010fold higher apoB<\/jats:styled-content>48\u2010containing remnant lipoproteins concentrations relative to normal\u2010weight peers; the magnitude of elevation in the remnant lipoproteins is comparable to the levels previously reported for adults with established CVD<\/jats:styled-content> and type\u20102 diabetes. Fasting apoB<\/jats:styled-content>48 was positively correlated with fasting triglyceride concentration in children with obesity (r<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.51, P<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic>\u2009<\u20090.001) and their normal\u2010weight peers (r<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.45, P<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic>\u2009<\u20090.01). Traditional CVD<\/jats:styled-content> biomarkers including low\u2010density lipoprotein cholesterol showed no difference between groups and remained within the normal range for a paediatric population.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusion<\/jats:title>Elevated apoB<\/jats:styled-content>48\u2010containing remnant lipoprotein is a stronger biomarker for paediatric CVD<\/jats:styled-content> risk compared to traditional cholesterol parameters and may be associated with early adaptation of the intestine during obesity. Further investigation of abnormalities associated with the secretion and\/or clearance of atherogenic remnant lipoproteins during the postprandial state may yield insight into our understanding of and therapeutic targets for managing risk for CVD<\/jats:styled-content> in children with obesity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2047-6310.2012.00116.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,13]],"date-time":"2012-12-13T14:01:22Z","timestamp":1355407282000},"page":"376-384","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Elevated remnant lipoproteins may increase subclinical CVD<\/scp> risk in pre\u2010pubertal children with obesity: a case\u2010control study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Y.","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Metabolic and Cardiovascular Disease Laboratory Alberta Diabetes Institute Alberta Mazankowski Heart Institute University of Alberta Edmonton AB Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Pendlebury","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Metabolic and Cardiovascular Disease Laboratory Alberta Diabetes Institute Alberta Mazankowski Heart Institute University of Alberta Edmonton AB Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M. M. U.","family":"Dodd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Metabolic and Cardiovascular Disease Laboratory Alberta Diabetes Institute Alberta Mazankowski Heart Institute University of Alberta Edmonton AB Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Maximova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health University of Alberta Edmonton AB Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D. F.","family":"Vine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Metabolic and Cardiovascular Disease Laboratory Alberta Diabetes Institute Alberta Mazankowski Heart Institute University of Alberta Edmonton AB Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M. M","family":"Jetha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics University of Alberta Edmonton AB Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G. D. 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