{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T07:37:51Z","timestamp":1785569871852,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1990,1,1]],"date-time":"1990-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":631152000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1990,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>SUMMARY<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>We propose a simple adjustment for profile likelihoods. The aim of the adjustment is to alleviate some of the problems inherent in the use of profile likelihoods, such as bias, inconsistency and overoptimistic variance estimates. The adjustment is applied to the profile log-likelihood score function at each parameter value so that its mean is zero and its variance is the negative expected derivative matrix of the adjusted score function. For cases in which explicit calculation of the adjustments is difficult, we give two methods to simplify their computation: An \u2018automatic\u2019 simulation method that requires as input only the profile log-likelihood and its first few derivatives; first-order asymptotic expressions. Some examples are provided and a comparison is made with the conditional profile log-likelihood of Cox and Reid.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2517-6161.1990.tb01790.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,7]],"date-time":"2018-12-07T07:13:03Z","timestamp":1544166783000},"page":"325-344","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":147,"title":["A Simple Method for the Adjustment of Profile Likelihoods"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"52","author":[{"given":"Peter","family":"McCullagh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Chicago \u00a0 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Tibshirani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Toronto \u00a0 Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024090920592269500_rssb01790-cit-0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1093\/biomet\/70.2.343","article-title":"On a formula for the distribution of the maximum likelihood estimator","volume":"70","author":"Barndorff-Nielsen","year":"1983","journal-title":"Biometrika"},{"key":"2024090920592269500_rssb01790-cit-0002","first-page":"307","article-title":"Inference on full or partial parameters, based on the standardized log likelihood ratio","volume":"73","author":"Barndorff-Nielsen","year":"1986","journal-title":"Biometrika"},{"key":"2024090920592269500_rssb01790-cit-0003","volume-title":"The New S Language.","author":"Becker","year":"1988"},{"key":"2024090920592269500_rssb01790-cit-0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4899-2887-0","volume-title":"Theoretical Statistics","author":"Cox","year":"1974"},{"key":"2024090920592269500_rssb01790-cit-0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2517-6161.1987.tb01422.x","article-title":"Parameter orthogonality and approximate conditional inference (with discussion)","volume":"49","author":"Cox","year":"1987","journal-title":"J. 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