{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,19]],"date-time":"2023-11-19T18:10:30Z","timestamp":1700417430229},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,12,17]],"date-time":"2003-12-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1071619200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":990,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["American J Rep Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>PROBLEM: Plasma interferon (IFN)\u2010\u03b3 levels, lymphocyte responsiveness, and evaluation of the relationship between circulating antiviral activity (AA) and IFN\u2010\u03b3 production were studied in pregnant women and nonpregnant age\u2010matched controls with the objective of elucidating the downregulation of IFN\u2010\u03b3 production in successful pregnancy.<\/jats:p><jats:p>METHOD OF STUDY: In plasma and supernatants of peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) cultures, stimulated with staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA) superantigen, from 43 pregnant women with a history of normal pregnancy and 30 healthy nonpregnant age\u2010matched controls, levels of AA were measured in a micromethod by inhibition of the cytopathic effect (CPE) caused by vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) in the human amnionic cell line (WISH).<\/jats:p><jats:p>RESULTS: Significantly higher plasma AA (60% was IFN\u2010\u03b3 and residual activity was acid\u2010labile IFN\u2010like) was present in pregnant women than controls. On the other hand, SEA\u2010activated PBMCs from pregnant women produced significantly lower IFN\u2010\u03b3 levels than those of nonpregnant women. Furthermore, maternal plasma AA levels correlated negatively with IFN\u2010\u03b3 production by SEA\u2010stimulated PBMCs.<\/jats:p><jats:p>CONCLUSION: The hypothesis that successful pregnancy requires downregulation of IFN\u2010\u03b3 is only partially sustained, suggesting that the immunology of pregnancy is more complex and that murine and human pregnancy have different cytokine profiles.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.8755-8920.2001.450404.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,12,17]],"date-time":"2003-12-17T11:58:13Z","timestamp":1071662293000},"page":"217-225","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Plasma Antiviral Activity and Interferon\u2010\u03b3 Production by Superantigen\u2010stimulated Lymphocytes during Normal Human Pregnancy"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"GIOVANNI","family":"GRASSO","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"LAURETTA","family":"MASSAI","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"PIERLUIGI","family":"MIGLIACCIO","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"ENRICO","family":"PICCIOLINI","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"MICHELA","family":"MUSCETTOLA","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2003,12,17]]},"container-title":["American Journal of Reproductive Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fj.8755-8920.2001.450404.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/j.8755-8920.2001.450404.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,19]],"date-time":"2023-11-19T17:30:26Z","timestamp":1700415026000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/j.8755-8920.2001.450404.x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2001,4]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/j.8755-8920.2001.450404.x"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.8755-8920.2001.450404.x","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1046-7408","1600-0897"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1046-7408","type":"print"},{"value":"1600-0897","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2001,4]]}}}