{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T06:34:46Z","timestamp":1784874886403,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,1]],"date-time":"2022-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1651363200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study was carried out to determine the microbial health risks associated with surface water commonly used for bathing, drinking, domestic and irrigational activities in Akure, Nigeria.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods and Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Water samples were collected from the river from March to June, 2018. The load of enteric bacteria, somatic coliphages and rotavirus in the water samples was determined using culture-based methods and molecular technique. The physicochemical characteristics of the water samples were determined using standard methods. The risks of rotavirus, Salmonella and Shigella infections resulting from ingestion of the water from the river, were estimated using dose\u2013response model. Redundancy analysis revealed that the levels of E. coli and Salmonella were highly associated with salinity and turbidity. The risks of infection associated with rotavirus (3.3 \u00d7 10\u22123) were higher than those associated with Salmonella (1.3 \u00d7 10\u22124) and Shigella (1.3 \u00d7 10\u22123), and were all above the WHO acceptable risk limit (10\u22124).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Accidental or intentional ingestion of water from the river may pose potential risks of gastrointestinal illness to humans.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Significance and Impact of study<\/jats:title><jats:p>Quantitative microbial risk assessment is essential in establishing adequate water management practices that must be strictly followed in order to protect human health.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jam.15497","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,18]],"date-time":"2022-02-18T10:30:37Z","timestamp":1645180237000},"page":"3995-4006","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Microbial health risks associated with rotavirus and enteric bacteria in River Ala in Akure, Nigeria"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"132","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9075-8955","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adewale Oluwasogo","family":"Olalemi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology Federal University of Technology Akure Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iseoluwa Moses","family":"Akinwumi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology Federal University of Technology Akure Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023011711210866900_jam15497-bib-0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3368","DOI":"10.2166\/ws.2020.221","article-title":"Physicochemical properties of irrigation water in western Himilayas, Pakistan","volume":"20","author":"Abbas","year":"2020","journal-title":"Water Supply"},{"key":"2023011711210866900_jam15497-bib-0002","first-page":"1","article-title":"Review on prevalence of waterborne diseases in Nigeria","volume":"1","author":"Adeyinka","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Advancement in Medical and Life Sciences"},{"key":"2023011711210866900_jam15497-bib-0003","first-page":"278","volume-title":"Desk encyclopedia of human and medical virology","author":"Angel","year":"2009"},{"key":"2023011711210866900_jam15497-bib-0004","volume-title":"Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater","author":"Anon","year":"2012","edition":"22nd edition"},{"key":"2023011711210866900_jam15497-bib-0005","first-page":"289","volume-title":"Standards and health: assessment of risk and risk Management for Water-Related Infectious Disease","author":"Ashbolt","year":"2001"},{"key":"2023011711210866900_jam15497-bib-0006","first-page":"17","article-title":"Physicochemical concentration of urban river: a seasonal assessment of river ala in Akure, Ondo state, Nigeria","volume":"2","author":"Ayeni","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Environmental Issues and Agriculture in Developing Countries"},{"key":"2023011711210866900_jam15497-bib-0007","first-page":"1","article-title":"Epidemiology of rotavirus a in Nigeria: molecular diversity and current insights","author":"Motayo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Pathogens"},{"key":"2023011711210866900_jam15497-bib-0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S81","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1746.2009.06076.x","article-title":"Discovery of rotavirus: implications for child health","volume":"24","author":"Bishop","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology"},{"key":"2023011711210866900_jam15497-bib-0009","first-page":"181","article-title":"Prevalence of Schistosoma haematobium infection in school aged children of Konduga local government area, northeastern Nigeria","volume":"5","author":"Biu","year":"2009","journal-title":"International Journal of Biomedical and Health Sciences"},{"key":"2023011711210866900_jam15497-bib-0010","first-page":"191","article-title":"Human enteric viruses in the water environment: a mini review","volume":"1","author":"Bosch","year":"2010","journal-title":"International Microbiology"},{"key":"2023011711210866900_jam15497-bib-0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2011.06.037","article-title":"Salmonella in surface and drinking water: occurrence and water-mediated transmission","volume":"45","author":"Caterina","year":"2012","journal-title":"Food Research International"},{"key":"2023011711210866900_jam15497-bib-0012","first-page":"1","article-title":"Prevention of rotavirus gastroenteritis among infants and children. 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