{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T19:30:56Z","timestamp":1785439856163,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":111,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,1]],"date-time":"2022-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1654041600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency, molecular characterization, virulence genes, resistance genes and antimicrobial profile of nosocomial extended spectrum beta lactamase producing Klebsiella species. A total of 22 (12.2%) K. pneumoniae strains were isolated from 180 clinical samples collected from hospitalized patients in Egypt. K. pneumoniae biotypes were B1 (72.8%), B3 (13.6%) and B4 (13.6%). The isolates were classified for the capsular serotypes, 86.4% (20\/22) were of K1 serotype, while only two isolates (13.64%) were of K2 serotype. Hypermucoviscous K. pneumoniae isolates accounted for 68.2%. Biofilm formation ability of K. pneumoniae was determined by microtitre plate method. The majority of the isolates (40.9%) were moderate biofilm producers, while 27.3% were strong biofilm producers. All K. pneumoniae strains were positive for fimH and traT genes, while magA was identified in only 63.6% of the isolates. The antibiotic susceptibility profile of the isolates (n = 22) was determined by the disc diffusion technique using 23 different antibiotics. Streptomycin and imipenem are the most effective antibiotics against 22 tested K. pneumoniae isolates with sensitivity rates of 63.64% and 54.54% respectively. All tested K. pneumoniae isolates showed high resistance to amoxicillin\u2215clavulanate (100%), cefuroxime (100%) and ceftazidime (95.45%). Extended spectrum beta lactamases (ESBL) production and the presence of ESBL-related genes were tested in the isolates. All the isolates tested positive for blaVIM, NDM1 and blaTEM, while only 81.8 %tested positive for the blaSHV gene. Increasing antimicrobial resistance in K. pneumoniae causing nosocomial infections limits the use of antimicrobial agents for treatment. Furthermore, the spread of biofilm, multiple drug resistant and ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae isolates is a public threat for hospitalized patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jam.15563","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,5]],"date-time":"2022-04-05T09:50:33Z","timestamp":1649152233000},"page":"4555-4568","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Biotyping, virulotyping and biofilm formation ability of ESBL-Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from nosocomial infections"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"132","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3615-9385","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Heba A.","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoonoses Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University Zagazig Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eman H. S.","family":"Ibrahim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology Faculty of Science, Zagazig University Zagazig Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ekram","family":"Abdelhaliem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cytology and Molecular Genetics Faculty of Science, Zagazig University Zagazig Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eman Y. T.","family":"Elariny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology Faculty of Science, Zagazig University Zagazig Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023011711561448100_jam15563-bib-0001","first-page":"193","article-title":"In vitro detection of antibacterial activity of Glycyrrhizic acid nanoparticle against ESBL producing Klebsiella pneumoniae strains","volume":"53","author":"AbdEl-Mongy","year":"2018","journal-title":"Egyptian Journal of Microbiology"},{"key":"2023011711561448100_jam15563-bib-0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmhg.2013.05.002","article-title":"Detection of Bla SHV and Bla CTX-M genes in ESBL producing Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from Egyptian patients with suspected nosocomial infections","volume":"14","author":"Ahmed","year":"2013","journal-title":"Egyptian Journal of Medical Human Genetics"},{"key":"2023011711561448100_jam15563-bib-0003","first-page":"1","article-title":"Biotyping and molecular characterization of Klebsiella pneumoniae producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamase in Cairo, Egypt: a multicenter study","volume":"5","author":"Aitta","year":"2013","journal-title":"Researcher"},{"key":"2023011711561448100_jam15563-bib-0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.4161\/viru.22974","article-title":"Multi-functional analysis of Klebsiella pneumoniae fimbrial types in adherence and biofilm formation","volume":"4","author":"Alc\u00e1ntar-Curiel","year":"2013","journal-title":"Virulence"},{"key":"2023011711561448100_jam15563-bib-0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plabm.2020.e00152","article-title":"Molecular diversity and profile analysis of virulence-associated genes in some Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates","volume":"19","author":"Alsanie","year":"2020","journal-title":"Practical Laboratory Medicine"},{"key":"2023011711561448100_jam15563-bib-0006","first-page":"311","article-title":"Prevalence assessment of magA gene and antimicrobial susceptibility of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from clinical specimens in Shahrekord, Iran","volume":"6","author":"Amraie","year":"2014","journal-title":"Iranian Journal of Microbiology"},{"key":"2023011711561448100_jam15563-bib-0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.3923\/pjbs.2019.174.179","article-title":"Molecular-diversity, prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility of pathogenic Klebsiella Pneumoniae under Saudi condition","volume":"22","author":"Azim","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences"},{"key":"2023011711561448100_jam15563-bib-0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-2920.2007.01491.x","article-title":"The characterization of functions involved in the establishment and maturation of Klebsiella pneumoniae in vitro biofilm reveals dual roles for surface exopolysaccharides","volume":"10","author":"Balestrino","year":"2008","journal-title":"Environmental Microbiology"},{"key":"2023011711561448100_jam15563-bib-0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"720","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens3030720","article-title":"Exploring dangerous connections between Klebsiella pneumoniae biofilms and healthcare-associated infections","volume":"3","author":"Bandeira","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"key":"2023011711561448100_jam15563-bib-0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1344","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.032482-0","article-title":"Characterization of extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from the community in Morocco","volume":"60","author":"Barguigua","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Medical Microbiology"},{"key":"2023011711561448100_jam15563-bib-0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1093\/femsre\/fuy043","article-title":"Klebsiella pneumoniae infection biology: living to counteract host defences","volume":"43","author":"Bengoechea","year":"2019","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiology Reviews"},{"key":"2023011711561448100_jam15563-bib-0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.14.4.933-951.2001","article-title":"Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases in the 21st century: characterization, epidemiology, and detection of this important resistance threat","volume":"14","author":"Bradford","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clinical Microbiology Reviews"},{"key":"2023011711561448100_jam15563-bib-0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms7050138","article-title":"Community- and hospital-acquired Klebsiella pneumoniae urinary tract infections in Portugal: virulence and antibiotic resistance","volume":"7","author":"Caneiras","year":"2019","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"2023011711561448100_jam15563-bib-0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1007\/s13594-015-0235-4","article-title":"Diversity and biofilm-forming capability of bacteria recovered from stainless steel pipes of a milk-processing dairy plant","volume":"96","author":"Cherif-Antar","year":"2016","journal-title":"Dairy Science & Technology"},{"key":"2023011711561448100_jam15563-bib-0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1061","DOI":"10.1126\/science.285.5430.1061","article-title":"X-ray structure of the FimC-FimH chaperone-adhesin complex from uropathogenic Escherichia coli","volume":"285","author":"Choudhury","year":"1999","journal-title":"Science (New York, N.Y.)"},{"key":"2023011711561448100_jam15563-bib-0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"fnw219","DOI":"10.1093\/femsle\/fnw219","article-title":"The emerging problems of Klebsiella pneumoniae infections: carbapenem resistance and biofilm formation","volume":"363","author":"Chung","year":"2016","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiology Letters"},{"key":"2023011711561448100_jam15563-bib-0017","volume-title":"Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing","author":"CLSI (Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute)","year":"2019","edition":"29th edition"},{"key":"2023011711561448100_jam15563-bib-0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-1097(03)00306-9","article-title":"Simple and reliable multiplex PCR assay for detection of bla TEM, Bla SHV and Bla OXA\u20131 genes in Enterobacteriaceae","volume":"223","author":"Colom","year":"2003","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiology Letters"},{"key":"2023011711561448100_jam15563-bib-0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9827","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.93.18.9827","article-title":"Type 1 fimbrial expression enhances Escherichia coli virulence for the urinary tract","volume":"93","author":"Connell","year":"1996","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America"},{"key":"2023011711561448100_jam15563-bib-0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/S0966-842X(00)01918-1","article-title":"Cystic fibrosis pathogenesis and the role of biofilms in persistent infection","volume":"9","author":"Costerton","year":"2001","journal-title":"Trends in Microbiology"},{"key":"2023011711561448100_jam15563-bib-0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2015.09.025","article-title":"Hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae clones causing bacteraemia in adults in a teaching hospital in Barcelona, Spain (2007\u20132013)","volume":"22","author":"Cubero","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clinical Microbiology and Infection"},{"key":"2023011711561448100_jam15563-bib-0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micres.2004.09.007","article-title":"Molecular typing of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from public hospitals in Recife, Brazil","volume":"160","author":"de Souza Lopes","year":"2005","journal-title":"Microbiological Research"},{"issue":"3","key":"2023011711561448100_jam15563-bib-0023","first-page":"348","article-title":"Comparison of various methods for the detection of extended spectrum beta-lactamase in Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from neonatal intensive care unit","volume":"2","author":"Dhara","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ahmedabad. National Journal Medical Research"},{"key":"2023011711561448100_jam15563-bib-0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patbio.2012.10.004","article-title":"Virulence profiles and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of Klebsiella pneumoniae strains isolated from different clinical specimens","volume":"61","author":"El Fertas-Aissani","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pathologie Biologie"},{"key":"2023011711561448100_jam15563-bib-0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20030857","article-title":"A novel virulence gene in Klebsiella pneumoniae strains causing primary liver abscess and septic metastatic complications","volume":"199","author":"Fang","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Medicine"},{"issue":"9","key":"2023011711561448100_jam15563-bib-0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e7585","DOI":"10.5812\/jjm.7585","article-title":"Identification of Klebsiella pneumoniae K1 and K2 capsular types by PCR and quellung test","volume":"6","author":"Feizabadi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Jundishapur Journal of Microbiology"},{"key":"2023011711561448100_jam15563-bib-0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3198","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2018.03198","article-title":"High prevalence of multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae harboring several virulence and \u03b2-lactamase encoding genes in a Brazilian intensive care unit","volume":"9","author":"Ferreira","year":"2018","journal-title":"Frontiers in Microbiology"},{"key":"2023011711561448100_jam15563-bib-0028","first-page":"182","article-title":"Prevalence and characterization of extended Spectrum Beta-lactamase production in clinical isolates of Klebsiella pneumonia","volume":"4","author":"Fouzia","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Medical Microbiology and Diagnosis"},{"key":"2023011711561448100_jam15563-bib-0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-019-03761-2","article-title":"Genetic diversity of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella Pneumoniae causing neonatal sepsis in intensive care unit, Cairo, Egypt","volume":"39","author":"Ghaith","year":"2020","journal-title":"European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"2023011711561448100_jam15563-bib-0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2017.00024","article-title":"Microbiological and clinical characteristics of Hypermucoviscous Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates associated with invasive infections in China","volume":"7","author":"Guo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology"},{"key":"2023011711561448100_jam15563-bib-0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.2174\/1874285801913010249","article-title":"Study of various virulence genes, biofilm formation and extended-Spectrum \u03b2-lactamase resistance in e isolated from urinary tract infections","volume":"13","author":"Hamam","year":"2019","journal-title":"The Open Microbiology Journal"},{"key":"2023011711561448100_jam15563-bib-0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2018.03.010","article-title":"Molecular epidemiology of Klebsiella pneumoniae K1 and K2 isolates in Japan","volume":"91","author":"Harada","year":"2018","journal-title":"Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease"},{"key":"2023011711561448100_jam15563-bib-0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2015.11.017","article-title":"Virulence factors, antimicrobial resistance pattern and molecular analysis of Enterococcal strains isolated from burn patients","volume":"90","author":"Heidari","year":"2016","journal-title":"Microbial Pathogenesis"},{"key":"2023011711561448100_jam15563-bib-0034","first-page":"75","article-title":"Klebsiella pneumoniae: selected virulence factors that contribute to pathogenicity","volume":"6","author":"Highsmith","year":"1985","journal-title":"Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology"},{"key":"2023011711561448100_jam15563-bib-0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcma.2017.08.015","article-title":"Emerge of Bla NDM-1 and Bla OXA-48-like harboring carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from hospitalized patients in southwestern Iran","volume":"81","author":"Hosseinzadeh","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of the Chinese Medical Association"},{"key":"2023011711561448100_jam15563-bib-0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra041359","article-title":"The new \u03b2-lactamases","volume":"352","author":"Jacoby","year":"2005","journal-title":"New England Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"2023011711561448100_jam15563-bib-0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"867","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/10.4.867","article-title":"Extended broad-Spectrum \u03b2-lactamases conferring transferable resistance to newer \u03b2-lactam agents in Enterobacteriaceae: hospital prevalence and susceptibility patterns","volume":"10","author":"Jarlier","year":"1988","journal-title":"Reviews of Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"2023011711561448100_jam15563-bib-0038","first-page":"313","article-title":"Multiplex PCR for blaCTX-M & blaSHV in the extended spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL) producing gram-negative isolates","volume":"128","author":"Jemima","year":"2008","journal-title":"Indian Journal of Medical Research"},{"key":"2023011711561448100_jam15563-bib-0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1086\/315217","article-title":"Extended virulence genotypes of Escherichia coli strains from patients with urosepsis in relation to phylogeny and host compromise","volume":"181","author":"Johnson","year":"2000","journal-title":"The Journal of Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"2023011711561448100_jam15563-bib-0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-1135(01)00483-7","article-title":"Virulence factors of Escherichia coli isolated from bovine clinical mastitis","volume":"85","author":"Kaipainen","year":"2002","journal-title":"Veterinary Microbiology"},{"key":"2023011711561448100_jam15563-bib-0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1089\/mdr.2016.0003","article-title":"Emergence of multidrug-resistant New Delhi Metallo-\u03b2-Lactamase-1-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae in Egypt","volume":"23","author":"Khalil","year":"2017","journal-title":"Microbial drug resistance (Larchmont, NY)"},{"key":"2023011711561448100_jam15563-bib-0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2017.12.036","article-title":"Detection of VIM-1 and IMP-1 genes in Klebsiella pneumoniae and relationship with biofilm formation","volume":"115","author":"Khodadadian","year":"2018","journal-title":"Microbial Pathogenesis"},{"key":"2023011711561448100_jam15563-bib-0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.46.1.165-170.1983","article-title":"Multiple antibiotic resistance indexing of Escherichia coli to identify high-risk sources of fecal contamination of foods","volume":"46","author":"Krumperman","year":"1983","journal-title":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology"},{"key":"2023011711561448100_jam15563-bib-0044","first-page":"311","article-title":"Clinical spectrum and molecular characteristics of Klebsiella pneumoniae causing community-acquired extrahepatic abscess","volume":"41","author":"Ku","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Microbiology, Immunology, and Infection"},{"key":"2023011711561448100_jam15563-bib-0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1463","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00372-06","article-title":"Yersiniabactin is a virulence factor for Klebsiella pneumoniae during pulmonary infection","volume":"75","author":"Lawlor","year":"2007","journal-title":"Infection and Immunity"},{"key":"2023011711561448100_jam15563-bib-0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2005.40310.x","article-title":"Pyogenic liver abscess with a focus on Klebsiella pneumoniae as a primary pathogen: an emerging disease with unique clinical characteristics","volume":"100","author":"Lederman","year":"2005","journal-title":"American College of Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2023011711561448100_jam15563-bib-0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1089\/mdr.2010.0034","article-title":"Antimicrobial activity of doripenem and other carbapenems against gram-negative pathogens from Korea","volume":"17","author":"Lee","year":"2011","journal-title":"Microbial Drug Resistance"},{"key":"2023011711561448100_jam15563-bib-0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2796.2006.01641.x","article-title":"Clinical implications of hypermucoviscosity phenotype in Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates: association with invasive syndrome in patients with community-acquired bacteraemia","volume":"259","author":"Lee","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Internal Medicine"},{"key":"2023011711561448100_jam15563-bib-0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkm225","article-title":"Control of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae in a children\u2032s hospital by changing antimicrobial agent usage policy","volume":"60","author":"Lee","year":"2007","journal-title":"The Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy"},{"key":"2023011711561448100_jam15563-bib-0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1080\/20477724.2018.1460949","article-title":"Comparative analysis of Klebsiella pneumoniae strains isolated in 2012\u20132016 that differ by antibiotic resistance genes and virulence genes profiles","volume":"112","author":"Lev","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pathogens and Global Health"},{"key":"2023011711561448100_jam15563-bib-0051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1071","DOI":"10.2217\/fmb.14.48","article-title":"Molecular pathogenesis of Klebsiella pneumoniae","volume":"9","author":"Li","year":"2014","journal-title":"Future Microbiology"},{"key":"2023011711561448100_jam15563-bib-0052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"892","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6976.2009.00182.x","article-title":"Bacterial strain typing in the genomic era","volume":"33","author":"Li","year":"2009","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiology Reviews"},{"key":"2023011711561448100_jam15563-bib-0053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1463","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.011114-0","article-title":"Characterization of multidrug-resistant and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae strains from Malaysian hospitals","volume":"58","author":"Lim","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Medical Microbiology"},{"key":"2023011711561448100_jam15563-bib-0054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1007\/s15010-010-0049-5","article-title":"Clinical and microbiological characteristics of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates causing community-acquired urinary tract infections","volume":"38","author":"Lin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Infection"},{"key":"2023011711561448100_jam15563-bib-0055","first-page":"1009","article-title":"Laboratory diagnosis of bacteremia and fungemia","volume":"15","author":"Magadia","year":"2001","journal-title":"Infectious Disease Clinics"},{"key":"2023011711561448100_jam15563-bib-0056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2011.03570.x","article-title":"Multidrug-resistant, extensively drug-resistant and pandrug-resistant bacteria: an international expert proposal for interim standard definitions for acquired resistance","volume":"18","author":"Magiorakos","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clinical Microbiology and Infection"},{"key":"2023011711561448100_jam15563-bib-0057","first-page":"52","volume-title":"Communicating current research and educational topics and trends in applied microbiology","author":"Maldonado","year":"2007"},{"key":"2023011711561448100_jam15563-bib-0058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2069","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.43.8.2069","article-title":"TEM-24 produced by four different species of Enterobacteriaceae, including Providencia rettgeri, in a single patient","volume":"43","author":"Marchandin","year":"1999","journal-title":"Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy"},{"key":"2023011711561448100_jam15563-bib-0059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2803","DOI":"10.1093\/emboj\/19.12.2803","article-title":"Type 1 pilus-mediated bacterial invasion of bladder epithelial cells","volume":"19","author":"Martinez","year":"2000","journal-title":"The EMBO Journal"},{"key":"2023011711561448100_jam15563-bib-0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejbas.2017.01.001","article-title":"Prevalence and characterization of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from intensive care units of Mansoura University hospitals","volume":"4","author":"Moemen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Egyptian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences"},{"key":"2023011711561448100_jam15563-bib-0061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.1097\/01.inf.0000168804.09875.95","article-title":"Neonatal sepsis in Egypt associated with bacterial contamination of glucose-containing intravenous fluids","volume":"24","author":"Moore","year":"2005","journal-title":"The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal"},{"key":"2023011711561448100_jam15563-bib-0062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1494","DOI":"10.1126\/science.282.5393.1494","article-title":"Induction and evasion of host defenses by type 1-piliated uropathogenic Escherichia coli","volume":"282","author":"Mulvey","year":"1998","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"2","key":"2023011711561448100_jam15563-bib-0063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/microbiolspec.VMBF-0016-2015","article-title":"Mechanisms of antibiotic resistance","volume":"4","author":"Munita","year":"2016","journal-title":"Microbiology Spectrum"},{"key":"2023011711561448100_jam15563-bib-0064","volume-title":"Manual of clinical microbiology","author":"Murray","year":"1999","edition":"7th edition"},{"key":"2023011711561448100_jam15563-bib-0065","volume-title":"Performance standards for antimicrobial disk susceptibility tests. Approved standard, 7th ed","author":"NCCLS","year":"2000"},{"key":"2023011711561448100_jam15563-bib-0066","first-page":"1","volume-title":"BMC proceedings","author":"Nirwati","year":"2019"},{"key":"2023011711561448100_jam15563-bib-0067","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2011.09.005","article-title":"The emerging NDM carbapenemases","volume":"19","author":"Nordmann","year":"2011","journal-title":"Trends in Microbiology"},{"key":"2023011711561448100_jam15563-bib-0068","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.1998.01062.x","article-title":"Flagellar and twitching motility are necessary for Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm development","volume":"30","author":"O\u2032Toole","year":"1998","journal-title":"Molecular Microbiology"},{"key":"2023011711561448100_jam15563-bib-0069","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1213","DOI":"10.7754\/Clin.Lab.2013.130812","article-title":"Evaluation of a chromogenic medium for detection of extended-spectrum-beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae strains","volume":"60","author":"Ongut","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clinical Laboratory"},{"key":"2023011711561448100_jam15563-bib-0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/44.4.489","article-title":"Concurrent outbreaks of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing organisms of the family Enterobacteriaceae in a Warsaw hospital","volume":"44","author":"Pa\u0142ucha","year":"1999","journal-title":"The Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy"},{"key":"2023011711561448100_jam15563-bib-0071","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2020.05.012","article-title":"Detection of multiple hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae strains in a New York City hospital through screening of virulence genes","volume":"27","author":"Parrott","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clinical Microbiology and Infection"},{"key":"2023011711561448100_jam15563-bib-0072","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"676340","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/676340","article-title":"Pyogenic liver abscess, bacteremia, and meningitis with hypermucoviscous Klebsiella pneumoniae: an unusual case report in a human T-cell lymphotropic virus positive patient of Caribbean origin in the United States","volume":"2013","author":"Patel","year":"2013","journal-title":"Case Reports in Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"2023011711561448100_jam15563-bib-0073","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1309\/LMDQQW246NYAHHAD","article-title":"High rate of aminoglycoside resistance in CTX-M-15 producing Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates in Tehran, Iran","volume":"45","author":"Peerayeh","year":"2014","journal-title":"Laboratory Medicine"},{"key":"2023011711561448100_jam15563-bib-0074","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mgene.2018.10.008","article-title":"Investigation of antibiotic resistance and the presence of integron genes among ESBL producing Klebsiella isolates","volume":"19","author":"Pirzaman","year":"2019","journal-title":"Meta Gene"},{"key":"2023011711561448100_jam15563-bib-0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.11.4.589","article-title":"Klebsiella spp. as nosocomial pathogens: epidemiology, taxonomy, typing methods, and pathogenicity factors","volume":"11","author":"Podschun","year":"1998","journal-title":"Clinical Microbiology Reviews"},{"key":"2023011711561448100_jam15563-bib-0076","first-page":"7","article-title":"Prevalence of extended spectrum \u03b2-lactamase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae in clinical isolates","volume":"7","author":"Rahim","year":"2014","journal-title":"Jundishapur Journal of Microbiology"},{"key":"2023011711561448100_jam15563-bib-0077","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.2147\/IDR.S199639","article-title":"Molecular characterization, serotypes and phenotypic and genotypic evaluation of antibiotic resistance of the Klebsiella pneumoniae strains isolated from different types of hospital-acquired infections","volume":"12","author":"Ranjbar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Infection and Drug Resistance"},{"key":"2023011711561448100_jam15563-bib-0078","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.5402\/2011\/318348","article-title":"Prevalence of ESBL-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates in tertiary care hospital","volume":"2011","author":"Sarojamma","year":"2011","journal-title":"ISRN Microbiology"},{"key":"2023011711561448100_jam15563-bib-0079","article-title":"Comparative study of biofilm formation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from patients of lower respiratory tract infection","volume":"8","author":"Saxena","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research: JCDR"},{"key":"2023011711561448100_jam15563-bib-0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e30682","DOI":"10.5812\/jjm.30682","article-title":"Evaluation of biofilm formation among Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates and molecular characterization by ERIC-PCR","volume":"9","author":"Seifi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Jundishapur Journal of Microbiology"},{"key":"2023011711561448100_jam15563-bib-0081","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/S1995-7645(11)60046-1","article-title":"Bla(CTX-M), Bla(TEM), and Bla(SHV) in Enterobacteriaceae from north-Indian tertiary hospital: high occurrence of combination genes","volume":"4","author":"Shahid","year":"2011","journal-title":"Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine"},{"key":"2023011711561448100_jam15563-bib-0082","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2014.08.002","article-title":"Antibiotic resistance and extended spectrum beta-lactamases: types, epidemiology and treatment","volume":"22","author":"Shaikh","year":"2015","journal-title":"Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences"},{"key":"2023011711561448100_jam15563-bib-0083","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1590\/S1517-83822013000200015","article-title":"Carbapenem and cefoxitin resistance of Klebsiella pneumoniae strains associated with porin OmpK36 loss and DHA-1 \u03b2-lactamase production","volume":"44","author":"Shi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Brazilian Journal of Microbiology"},{"key":"2023011711561448100_jam15563-bib-0084","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1089\/mdr.2017.0058","article-title":"Identification of Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae with emphasis on New Delhi Metallo-Beta-Lactamase-1 (Bla(NDM-1)) in Bandar Abbas, south of Iran","volume":"24","author":"Shoja","year":"2018","journal-title":"Microbial Drug Resistance (Larchmont, NY)"},{"key":"2023011711561448100_jam15563-bib-0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.4161\/viru.22718","article-title":"Hypervirulent (hypermucoviscous) Klebsiella pneumoniae: a new and dangerous breed","volume":"4","author":"Shon","year":"2013","journal-title":"Virulence"},{"key":"2023011711561448100_jam15563-bib-0086","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(12)70205-0","article-title":"Klebsiella pneumoniae liver abscess: a new invasive syndrome","volume":"12","author":"Siu","year":"2012","journal-title":"The Lancet Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"2023011711561448100_jam15563-bib-0087","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.3329\/medtoday.v32i2.48821","article-title":"Prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of Klebsiella Pneumoniae isolated from various clinical specimens in a tertiary Care Hospital in Bangladesh","volume":"32","author":"Sonia","year":"2020","journal-title":"Medicine Today"},{"key":"2023011711561448100_jam15563-bib-0088","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1111","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.46165-0","article-title":"Investigation of the putative virulence gene magA in a worldwide collection of 495 Klebsiella isolates: magA is restricted to the gene cluster of Klebsiella pneumoniae capsule serotype K1","volume":"54","author":"Struve","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Medical Microbiology"},{"key":"2023011711561448100_jam15563-bib-0089","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2014.05.090","article-title":"Bacterial multidrug efflux pumps: mechanisms, physiology and pharmacological exploitations","volume":"453","author":"Sun","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications"},{"key":"2023011711561448100_jam15563-bib-0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.2217\/fmb.15.16","article-title":"The complex epidemiology of extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae","volume":"10","author":"Tal Jasper","year":"2015","journal-title":"Future Microbiology"},{"key":"2023011711561448100_jam15563-bib-0091","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.14715\/cmb\/2018.64.3.7","article-title":"The prevalence of CMY-2, OXA-48 and KPC-2 genes in clinical isolates of Klebsiella spp","volume":"64","author":"Tavakoly","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cellular and Molecular Biology"},{"key":"2023011711561448100_jam15563-bib-0092","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"931","DOI":"10.20546\/ijcmas.2016.507.105","article-title":"Phenotypic and genotypic diversity of nosocomial multi-drug resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from cancer patients in Cairo, Egypt","volume":"5","author":"Tawfick","year":"2016","journal-title":"International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences"},{"key":"2023011711561448100_jam15563-bib-0093","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1089\/mdr.2019.0086","article-title":"Characterization of Klebsiella pneumoniae coproducing KPC and NDM-1 carbapenemases from Turkey","volume":"26","author":"Tekeli","year":"2020","journal-title":"Microbial Drug Resistance"},{"key":"2023011711561448100_jam15563-bib-0094","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01319-06","article-title":"Effects of phenotype and genotype on methods for detection of extended-spectrum-beta-lactamase-producing clinical isolates of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae in Norway","volume":"45","author":"Tofteland","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Microbiology"},{"key":"2023011711561448100_jam15563-bib-0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3789","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00479-08","article-title":"Evolution of the IS CR3 group of IS CR elements","volume":"52","author":"Toleman","year":"2008","journal-title":"Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy"},{"key":"2023011711561448100_jam15563-bib-0096","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.4103\/0974-777X.56247","article-title":"Extended Spectrum Beta-lactamase detection in gram-negative bacilli of nosocomial origin","volume":"1","author":"Tsering","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Global Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"2023011711561448100_jam15563-bib-0097","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.015198-0","article-title":"PCR characterization and typing of Klebsiella pneumoniae using capsular type-specific, variable number tandem repeat and virulence gene targets","volume":"59","author":"Turton","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Medical Microbiology"},{"key":"2023011711561448100_jam15563-bib-0098","first-page":"473","article-title":"Biotyping and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of Klebsiella isolates recovered from tertiary care hospital","volume":"5","author":"Vasantha","year":"2015","journal-title":"Indian Journal of Applied Research"},{"key":"2023011711561448100_jam15563-bib-0099","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens3030743","article-title":"Antibiotic resistance related to biofilm formation in Klebsiella pneumoniae","volume":"3","author":"Vuotto","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"key":"2023011711561448100_jam15563-bib-0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1003","DOI":"10.1111\/jam.13533","article-title":"Biofilm formation and antibiotic resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae urinary strains","volume":"123","author":"Vuotto","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Applied Microbiology"},{"key":"2023011711561448100_jam15563-bib-0101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.18.2.306-325.2005","article-title":"Metallo-beta-lactamases: the quiet before the storm?","volume":"18","author":"Walsh","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clinical Microbiology Reviews"},{"key":"2023011711561448100_jam15563-bib-0102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38929","DOI":"10.1038\/srep38929","article-title":"Molecular typing and virulence analysis of multidrug resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae clinical isolates recovered from Egyptian hospitals","volume":"6","author":"Wasfi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"key":"2023011711561448100_jam15563-bib-0103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mib.2018.04.004","article-title":"Klebsiella pneumoniae as a key trafficker of drug resistance genes from environmental to clinically important bacteria","volume":"45","author":"Wyres","year":"2018","journal-title":"Current Opinion in Microbiology"},{"key":"2023011711561448100_jam15563-bib-0104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.3343\/alm.2012.32.4.270","article-title":"Characterization of carbapenemase genes in Enterobacteriaceae species exhibiting decreased susceptibility to carbapenems in a university hospital in Chongqing, China","volume":"32","author":"Xia","year":"2012","journal-title":"Annals of Laboratory Medicine"},{"key":"2023011711561448100_jam15563-bib-0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-015-2551-2","article-title":"Hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae induced ventilator-associated pneumonia in mechanically ventilated patients in China","volume":"35","author":"Yan","year":"2016","journal-title":"European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"2023011711561448100_jam15563-bib-0106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"692","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2014.00692","article-title":"Prevalence and detection of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia carrying metallo-\u03b2-lactamase blaL1 in Beijing, China","volume":"5","author":"Yang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Frontiers in Microbiology"},{"key":"2023011711561448100_jam15563-bib-0107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2019.e02349","article-title":"Preliminary survey of extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamases (ESBLs) in nosocomial uropathogen Klebsiella pneumoniae in north-Central Iran","volume":"5","author":"Yazdansetad","year":"2019","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"2023011711561448100_jam15563-bib-0108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2008.04.007","article-title":"Comparison of prevalence of virulence factors for Klebsiella pneumoniae liver abscesses between isolates with capsular K1\/K2 and non-K1\/K2 serotypes","volume":"62","author":"Yu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease"},{"key":"2023011711561448100_jam15563-bib-0109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2017.00182","article-title":"Outbreak by hypermucoviscous Klebsiella pneumoniae ST11 isolates with carbapenem resistance in a tertiary hospital in China","volume":"7","author":"Zhan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology"},{"key":"2023011711561448100_jam15563-bib-0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2018.00289","article-title":"Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from retail foods in China","volume":"9","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Frontiers in Microbiology"},{"key":"2023011711561448100_jam15563-bib-0111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6115","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01127-16","article-title":"High prevalence of hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae infection in China: geographic distribution, clinical characteristics, and antimicrobial resistance","volume":"60","author":"Zhang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy"}],"container-title":["Journal of Applied Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jam.15563","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/jam.15563","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jambio\/article-pdf\/132\/6\/4555\/48729379\/jambio4555.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jambio\/article-pdf\/132\/6\/4555\/48729379\/jambio4555.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,17]],"date-time":"2023-01-17T16:22:41Z","timestamp":1673972561000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jambio\/article\/132\/6\/4555\/6988619"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,1]]},"references-count":111,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jam.15563","relation":{},"ISSN":["1365-2672","1364-5072"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1365-2672","type":"electronic"},{"value":"1364-5072","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,1]]}}}