{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T22:29:51Z","timestamp":1785450591452,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,28]],"date-time":"2014-08-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1409184000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Advanced Nursing"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>To report quantitative evidence for the accuracy of the defining characteristics of ineffective airway clearance in different settings and populations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Defining characteristics are tests used by nurses to clinically indicate the presence or absence of a particular nursing diagnosis. A few studies have reported the accuracy of certain defining characteristics of ineffective airway clearance, but these studies address specific populations with particular needs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>A systematic review with meta\u2010analysis was conducted to provide a synthesis and critical appraisal of the included studies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Data sources<\/jats:title><jats:p>The electronic databases<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CINAHL<\/jats:styled-content>, PubMed, Scopus and<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LILACS<\/jats:styled-content>were searched using a systematic search strategy for studies published in any year. The last search was performed on 31 July 2013.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Review methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Using the recommendations from Cochrane Collaboration for Systematic Reviews of Diagnostic Test Accuracy and the Standards for Reporting of Diagnostic Accuracy (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">STARD<\/jats:styled-content>), a systematic review was conducted using studies investigating the presence of ineffective airway clearance and its defining characteristics. The Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">QUADAS<\/jats:styled-content>) tool was used to evaluate the quality of the studies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Seven papers met the search criteria. The studies were developed in different clinical settings and most of them fulfilled<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">QUADAS<\/jats:styled-content>criteria. Summary measures indicated the following defining characteristics with higher accuracy values: adventitious breath sounds, changes in respiratory rate, difficult vocalizing, diminished breath sounds, dyspnoea, ineffective cough, orthopnoea and restlessness.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>This systematic review showed that the variability in clinical indicators of ineffective airway clearance is related to differences in the clinical settings and patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jan.12518","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,28]],"date-time":"2014-08-28T12:29:53Z","timestamp":1409228993000},"page":"498-513","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Systematic review and meta\u2010analysis of the accuracy of clinical indicators for ineffective airway clearance"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"71","author":[{"given":"Vanessa Emille Carvalho","family":"de 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