{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T16:53:31Z","timestamp":1790009611367,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,29]],"date-time":"2016-05-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1464480000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Advanced Nursing"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>The aim of this study was to determine the diagnostic accuracy of the water swallow test for screening aspirations in stroke patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The water swallow test is a simple bedside screening tool for aspiration among stroke patients in nursing practice, but results from different studies have not been combined before.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>A systematic review and meta\u2010analysis was conducted to provide a synthetic and critical appraisal of the included studies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Data sources<\/jats:title><jats:p>Electronic literature in<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MEDLINE<\/jats:styled-content>,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EMBASE<\/jats:styled-content>,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CINAHL<\/jats:styled-content>and other sources were searched systemically in this study. Databases and registers were searched from inception up to 30 April 2015.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Review methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This systematic review was conducted using the recommendations from Cochrane Collaboration for Systematic Reviews of Diagnostic Test Accuracy. Bivariate random\u2010effects models were used to estimate the diagnostic accuracy across those studies. The tool named Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">QUADAS<\/jats:styled-content>\u20102) was used to evaluate the quality of the studies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>There were 770 stroke patients in the 11 studies for the meta\u2010analysis. The water swallow test had sensitivities between 64\u201079% and specificities between 61\u201081%. Meta\u2010regression analysis indicated that increasing water volume resulted in higher sensitivity but lower specificity of the water swallow test.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>This systematic review showed that the water swallow test was a useful screening tool for aspiration among stroke patients. The test accuracy was related to the water volume and a 3\u2010oz water swallow test was recommended for aspiration screening in stroke patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jan.13013","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,30]],"date-time":"2016-05-30T04:22:42Z","timestamp":1464582162000},"page":"2575-2586","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":90,"title":["Systematic review and meta\u2010analysis of the diagnostic accuracy of the water swallow test for screening aspiration in stroke patients"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"72","author":[{"given":"Po\u2010Cheng","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Chang Gung Memorial Hospital\u2010Kaohsiung Medical Center Chang Gung University College of Medicine Kaohsiung Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ching\u2010Hui","family":"Chuang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Nursing Chang Gung University of Science and Technology Chiayi Campus Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Nursing Chang Gung Memorial Hospital\u2010Kaohsiung Medical Center Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chau\u2010Peng","family":"Leong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Chang Gung Memorial Hospital\u2010Kaohsiung Medical Center Chang Gung University College of Medicine Kaohsiung Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Su\u2010Er","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chronic Diseases and Health Promotion Research Center Chiayi Taiwan"},{"name":"College of Nursing and Graduate Institute of Nursing Chang Gung University of Science and Technology Chiayi Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi\u2010Jung","family":"Hsin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Chang Gung Memorial Hospital\u2010Kaohsiung Medical Center Kaohsiung Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2009.03.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1742\u20101241.2009.02168.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2013.09.031"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365\u20102648.2008.04915.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000366423"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"790","DOI":"10.47102\/annals-acadmedsg.V32N6p790","article-title":"Bedside clinical methods useful as screening test for aspiration in elderly patients with recent and previous strokes","volume":"32","author":"Chong M.S.","year":"2003","journal-title":"Annals of the Academy of Medicine, Singapore"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/1058\u20100360.0604.17"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.111.640946"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.323.7305.157"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2005.01.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","unstructured":"DeeksJ.J. 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