{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]],"date-time":"2026-01-15T03:30:57Z","timestamp":1768447857204,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,22]],"date-time":"2017-05-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1495411200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Advanced Nursing"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>To examine the relationship of the pain severity scores with demographic variables (age, gender, and ethnicity) and with the frequency of falls, fatigue, and depression in a very large New Zealand sample of people over 65\u00a0years assessed using the Home Care International Residential Assessment Instrument.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Pain is reported to be highly prevalent in older people yet it is poorly correlated with tissue damage. There is convincing evidence that it is related to depression and some evidence of its relationship with fatigue and falls.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>This is a cross\u2010sectional study examining a national cohort assessed on referral for a needs assessment for access to publicly funded service provision or support.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>Participants were 45,418 adults aged over 65\u00a0years referred for a mandatory needs assessment between 2012\u20132014. All variables analysed were drawn from the Home Care International Residential Assessment Instrument. Univariate descriptive statistics were used to characterize the sample in relation to the association of severe pain with age, gender, and ethnicity and with the key variables of interest: falls, fatigue, and depression. Logistic regression models were used to examine the relationship of the presence or not of severe pain with the other key health\u2010related variables: falls, fatigue, and depression, respectively, after controlling for the presence of age, gender, and ethnicity. Odds ratios are reported to quantify the difference in risk with increasing severity of falls, fatigue, and depression.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The mean age of the cohort was 82.48\u00a0years (<jats:italic>SD<\/jats:italic> 7.48) and 48.5% of the sample reported experiencing daily pain. The rates of severe daily pain were 12%\u201318% with those in the 65\u201374\u00a0years group having the highest reported rate of severe pain (18%) and a gradual decrease in severe pain with age. After co\u2010varying for age, ethnicity, and gender, the presence of severe daily pain was predicted by increasing frequency of falls and fatigue and having current depression. While two\u2010thirds reported their pain control was adequate, a third reported that their pain control was not adequate despite adhering to a therapeutic regime.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study highlights how pervasive pain is in this group and its correlation with falls, fatigue, and depression. While the effect sizes were relatively small the results may be clinically significant and it may be clinically important that the presence of pain in older people could indicate the need for further nursing assessment in relation to falls, fatigue, and depression.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jan.13328","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,5]],"date-time":"2017-05-05T14:26:43Z","timestamp":1493994403000},"page":"2642-2651","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["The prevalence of pain and its relationship to falls, fatigue, and depression in a cohort of older people living in the community"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"73","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7220-8658","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marie","family":"Crowe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychological Medicine University of Otago Christchurch New Zealand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Jordan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychological Medicine University of Otago Christchurch New Zealand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Deborah","family":"Gillon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Postgraduate Nursing Studies University of Otago Christchurch New Zealand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cate","family":"McCall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Postgraduate Nursing Studies University of Otago Christchurch New Zealand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"Frampton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychological Medicine University of Otago Christchurch New Zealand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hamish","family":"Jamieson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine University of Otago Christchurch New Zealand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","volume-title":"Review of the measurement of ethnicity: Classification and issues","author":"Allan J.\u2010A.","year":"2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1176\/ps.2009.60.3.344","article-title":"Relationships among depression, chronic pain, chronic disabling pain and medical conditions","volume":"60","author":"Arnow B.","year":"2009","journal-title":"Psychiatric Services"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03324782"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.12350"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1071\/HC13234"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.j.pain.0000460336.31600.01"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exger.2011.10.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.163.20.2433"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2008.08.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afs200"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmn.2010.05.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(03)00545-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10522-010-9286-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2008.07.002"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","first-page":"693","article-title":"Multidimensional frailty and pain in community dwelling elderly","volume":"18","author":"Coelho T.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pain Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2016.12.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2011.09.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aet207"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.12848"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2011.03829.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","volume-title":"A critical review of international practice on assessment and eligibility in adult social care: Lessons for England","author":"Eleftheriades C.","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1526-4637.2003.03008.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archger.2009.09.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","first-page":"CD007146","article-title":"Interventions for preventing falls in older people living in the community","volume":"9","author":"Gillespie L. 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