{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T01:42:52Z","timestamp":1790559772546,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,22]],"date-time":"2020-11-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1606003200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009850","name":"Universit\u00e9 du Qu\u00e9bec \u00e0 Trois-Rivi\u00e8res","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Institutional Research Grant 3342309"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Institutional Research Grant 3342309"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009850","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Advanced Nursing"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The aim of this study was to gain a better understanding of how nurses experience their practice with homeless people. More specifically, we wanted to consider the role as it is practised and certain clinical characteristics associated with social disaffiliation and stigma.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Previous research has shown the need to implement adapted nursing interventions to address the problems homeless people encounter in obtaining health services. According to the literature, such interventions have positive health outcomes for homeless people, who exhibit complex health needs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We chose critical ethnography as our research method.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Semi\u2010structured interviews were conducted with 12 nurses who work with people experiencing homelessness in Eastern Canada. They were selected using the convenience sampling method. Recruitment was conducted between June\u2013October 2019.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Findings<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Four categories emerged from the qualitative analysis of the data: (1) the professional role and identity of nurses; (2) the social function of outreach nursing; (3) clinical realities; and (4) disaffiliation and stigmatization. In this article, we will present the findings associated with the fourth category.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Nursing practice with this population is conducted in non\u2010traditional settings such as shelters, community groups, camps, and the street. Nurses must be able to gain acceptance in these environments in order to forge trusting relationships with disaffiliated and stigmatized patients. Our analysis of the data also indicates that nurses who care for homeless people may be subject to stigma by association or \u201ccourtesy stigma.\u201d<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Impact<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The results of this critical ethnography are useful in that they highlight the clinical interventions and health policies best suited to a highly marginalized clientele that is poorly served by traditional health services.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jan.14671","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,22]],"date-time":"2020-11-22T11:03:12Z","timestamp":1606042992000},"page":"1357-1367","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Critical ethnography of outreach nurses\u2013 perceptions of the clinical issues associated with social disaffiliation and stigma"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"77","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6524-4346","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Etienne","family":"Paradis\u2010Gagn\u00e9","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Nursing Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al Montr\u00e9al QC Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9833-0187","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pierre","family":"Pariseau\u2010Legault","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nursing Universit\u00e9 du Qu\u00e9bec en Outaouais Saint\u2010J\u00e9rome QC Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nuf.12276"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2015.06.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1077801217738583"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","volume-title":"Structural and systemic factors contributing to homelessness in Canada: An analysis of research gaps and proposed research directions","author":"Buckland L.","year":"2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_1","unstructured":"Canadian Nurses Association(2017).Harm reduction and illicit substance use: Implications for nursing. 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