{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]],"date-time":"2026-04-23T13:51:12Z","timestamp":1776952272612,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,26]],"date-time":"2021-11-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1637884800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010290","name":"Fundaci\u00f3n Gr\u00fcnenthal Espa\u00f1a","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010290","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008723","name":"Universidad de C\u00e1diz","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PR2017\u2010038"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PR2017\u2010038"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008723","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Advanced Nursing"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>To evaluate the effectiveness of PainReApp, an mHealth system, based on physical exercise recommendations for patients with chronic pain (low back pain, fibromyalgia and diabetic neuropathic pain) based on pain intensity, quality of life, anxiety and\/or depression, and sleep quality.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Single\u2010blinded randomized controlled trial.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>One hundred patients from three different chronic conditions (low back pain, fibromyalgia and neuropathic diabetic pain) will be recruited and randomized into two groups to receive the intervention with a physical activity program guided by the PainReApp system (experimental group) or with the program information in paper format (control group). All patients will attend a first face\u2010to\u2010face session in which the smartphone application usage (experimental group) and exercise execution will be explained (both groups). Data will be collected at baseline, 4, 12 and 24\u00a0weeks. Nevertheless, the users of the application will have a daily registry of the exercise performed and the self\u2010perceived difficulty. The primary outcomes of the trial will be the intensity of pain and quality of life. Anxiety and\/or depression and sleep quality will be also assessed to evaluate the influence of the physical activity at multiple levels.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Physical exercise is becoming one of the leading evidence\u2010based interventions to treat chronic pain. It needs to be adapted to the necessities of each pain condition. One of the major problems is the low adherence to the proposed program. New strategies that empower the patients, such as the m\u2010Health, are reliable and useful tools to ease this end.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Impact<\/jats:title><jats:p>To the best of our knowledge, this is the first long\u2010term randomized controlled trial researching the impact of an m\u2010health system on chronic pain from different origin. The intervention is based on international physical exercise recommendations and can be performed without specific material, allowing the home\u2010based practice.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Trial registration<\/jats:title><jats:p>Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12621000783820).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jan.15095","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,26]],"date-time":"2021-11-26T12:19:44Z","timestamp":1637929184000},"page":"569-576","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Smartphone\u2010based exercise intervention for chronic pain: PainReApp randomized clinical trial protocol"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"78","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6465-982X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jose A.","family":"Moral\u2010Munoz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cadiz (INiBICA)  Cadiz Spain"},{"name":"Observatory of Pain Gr\u00fcnenthal Foundation\u2010University of Cadiz  Cadiz Spain"},{"name":"Department of Nursing and Physiotherapy University of Cadiz  Cadiz Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9567-462X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alejandro","family":"Salazar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cadiz (INiBICA)  Cadiz Spain"},{"name":"Observatory of Pain Gr\u00fcnenthal Foundation\u2010University of Cadiz  Cadiz Spain"},{"name":"Department of Statistics and Operational Research University of Cadiz  Puerto Real Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4822-7258","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar\u00eda","family":"Due\u00f1as","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cadiz (INiBICA)  Cadiz Spain"},{"name":"Observatory of Pain Gr\u00fcnenthal Foundation\u2010University of Cadiz  Cadiz Spain"},{"name":"Department of Statistics and Operational Research University of Cadiz  Puerto Real Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0196-4875","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Helena","family":"De Sola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cadiz (INiBICA)  Cadiz Spain"},{"name":"Observatory of Pain Gr\u00fcnenthal Foundation\u2010University of Cadiz  Cadiz Spain"},{"name":"Preventive Medicine and Public Health Area University of Cadiz  Cadiz Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6603-3054","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Inmaculada","family":"Failde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cadiz (INiBICA)  Cadiz Spain"},{"name":"Observatory of Pain Gr\u00fcnenthal Foundation\u2010University of Cadiz  Cadiz Spain"},{"name":"Preventive Medicine and Public Health Area University of Cadiz  Cadiz Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2008.06.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.berh.2015.04.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","volume-title":"ACSM\u2019s guidelines for exercise testing and prescription","author":"American College of Sports Medicine","year":"2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3999(01)00296-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.e7586"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)00393-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2012.03.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm8111830"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","first-page":"CD011279","article-title":"Physical activity and exercise for chronic pain in adults: An overview of Cochrane Reviews","volume":"1","author":"Geneen L.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.20543"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare5020022"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conctc.2017.04.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2010.079376"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","article-title":"CONSORT 2010 Statement: Updated guidelines for reporting parallel group randomised trials","author":"Lee J. 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