{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T18:21:25Z","timestamp":1788546085890,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":85,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,31]],"date-time":"2022-07-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1659225600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GNT1172873"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GNT1172873"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Advanced Nursing"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study aimed to understand the perceptions and experiences of sexual violence among Chinese men who have sex with men (MSM) in Hong Kong.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study adopted a qualitative descriptive design with thematic analysis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Thirty\u2010one Chinese MSM were recruited in Hong Kong from May to June 2019 using purposive sampling. Individual semi\u2010structured interviews were conducted with the participants. The interview data were transcribed verbatim from the recordings and analysed using Braun and Clarke's thematic analysis approach.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Four themes were identified: (1) different forms of sexual violence, from physical to virtual; (2) inner struggles with fears and worry; (3) low awareness and perceived risk of sexual violence \u2013 \u2018it has nothing to do with me\u2019 and (4) dilemma towards sexual violence prevention.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study provided qualitative evidence regarding the experiences and perceptions of sexual violence among Chinese MSM in Hong Kong. Physical and image\u2010based forms of sexual violence were identified, which led the participants to experience psychological distress, fear of contracting human immunodeficiency virus\/other sexually transmitted infections, notoriety within the gay community, and discrimination and stigmatization within their family and workplace. To reduce the risk of sexual violence, some participants were cautious about the venue in which they engaged in sex and the habit of sharing sexually explicit photos with others. However, some participants had low awareness and perceived risk of sexual violence.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Impacts<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study was the first to fill the research gap on sexual violence issues among Chinese MSM using dating apps in Hong Kong. The qualitative findings enhanced the scholarly understanding of Chinese MSM's perceptions and experiences of sexual violence. The study findings can help nursing staff and other healthcare professionals to develop tailored primary, secondary and tertiary sexual violence prevention programmes for MSM or beyond.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jan.15391","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,1]],"date-time":"2022-08-01T02:59:42Z","timestamp":1659322782000},"page":"1385-1398","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Perceptions and experiences of sexual violence among Chinese men who have sex with men in Hong Kong"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"79","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9062-3540","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edmond Pui Hang","family":"Choi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing The University of Hong Kong  Pok Fu Lam Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7444-6935","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jojo Yan Yan","family":"Kwok","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing The University of Hong Kong  Pok Fu Lam Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kitty Wai Ying","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing The University of Hong Kong  Pok Fu Lam Hong Kong"},{"name":"Sticky Rice Love  Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9704-2116","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jung Jae","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing The University of Hong Kong  Pok Fu Lam Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3227-0799","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kris Yuet Wan","family":"Lok","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing The University of Hong Kong  Pok Fu Lam Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3000-4577","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Janet Yuen Ha","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing The University of Hong Kong  Pok Fu Lam Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7365-9146","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel Yee Tak","family":"Fong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing The University of Hong Kong  Pok Fu Lam Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6275-1147","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eric Yuk Fai","family":"Wan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Medicine and Primary Care, School of Clinical Medicine The University of Hong Kong  Pok Fu Lam Hong Kong"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy The University of Hong Kong  Pok Fu Lam Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2540-4055","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"William Chi Wai","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Medicine and Primary Care, School of Clinical Medicine The University of Hong Kong  Pok Fu Lam Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1766-0657","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eric Pui Fung","family":"Chow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Melbourne Sexual Health Centre Alfred Health  Melbourne Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Central Clinical School Monash University  Melbourne Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Melbourne School of Population and Global Health The University of Melbourne  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17103527"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14461242.2020.1777885"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1524838017708781"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","volume-title":"Sexual violence surveillance: Uniform definitions and recommended data elements. Version 2.0","author":"Basile K. C.","year":"2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15325024.2019.1707987"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260519888519"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1077801215593646"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2015.07.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1191\/1478088706qp063oa"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00918360902728764"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19419899.2017.1393451"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","volume-title":"Transforming a rape culture","author":"Buchwald E.","year":"1993"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1524838020970898"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260511416463"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12119-008-9021-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-020-08914-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1079063216672168"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00224499.2021.1886227"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3138\/cjhs.2020-0014"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/978-1-83982-848-520211026"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12119-021-09920-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","volume-title":"Sexual violence on campus: Strategies for prevention","author":"Dills J.","year":"2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","first-page":"1319","volume-title":"Sample size policy for qualitative studies using in\u2010depth interviews","author":"Dworkin S. L.","year":"2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2372732220941534"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2158244019842201"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/hea0000834"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/1413-81232021267.07252021"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00918369.2013.839911"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00224499.2021.1962236"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9780429443220"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_32_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Heteronormative assumptions and expectations of sexual violence: Language and inclusivity within sexual violence policy in Australian universities","author":"Gretgrix E.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sexuality Research and Social Policy"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_33_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Image\u2010based sexual abuse: Victims and perpetrators","volume":"572","author":"Henry N.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Trends & Issues in Crime and Criminal Justice"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1524838016650189"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_35_1","volume-title":"Changing the subject: Psychology, social regulation and subjectivity","author":"Hollway W.","year":"2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2005.11.032"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/ort0000439"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13178-020-00442-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13691058.2018.1534140"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_40_1","unstructured":"Karaian L.(2016).Violence against young women and girls in Canada.https:\/\/openparliament.ca\/committees\/status\u2010of\u2010women\/42\u20101\/20\/dr\u2010lara\u2010karaian\u20101\/only\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09589236.2016.1211511"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9781315552538"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13814788.2017.1375092"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18063208"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/09540261.2015.1083950"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/hsc.13055"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Latimer R. L. Vodstrcil L. A. Fairley C. K. Cornelisse V. J. Chow E. P. Read T. R. &Bradshaw C. S.(2018).Non\u2010consensual condom removal reported by patients at a sexual health clinic in Melbourne Australia.PLoS ONE 13(12) e0209779.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0209779"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08975353.2016.1235434"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.esxm.2021.100433"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1751-486X.12160"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000003326"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ojls\/gqw033"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00224499.2020.1767023"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/men0000104"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10345329.2019.1639287"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13178-015-0182-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ijn.12606"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jana.2018.02.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260520909186"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00224499.2019.1639036"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10488-013-0528-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1524838020958057"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0740-5472(94)90044-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17441692.2015.1114133"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09589236.2016.1266792"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260516672055"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1477370818788006"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13691058.2014.930181"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00224499.2017.1403547"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0735-7028.38.4.392"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11135-017-0574-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14680777.2015.1137962"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00918369.2017.1368772"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/vio0000060"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0023207"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2020.106630"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260518817777"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/sextrans-2017-053232.14"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1891\/1946-6560.3.3.336"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10826084.2021.1975743"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260519872985"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2021.710575"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00918369.2017.1375363"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jocn.13707"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14681994.2016.1200027"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_86_1","first-page":"79","volume-title":"Queer intercultural communication: The intersectional politics of belonging in and across differences","author":"Zhou T.","year":"2019"}],"container-title":["Journal of Advanced Nursing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jan.15391","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/jan.15391","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jan.15391","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,17]],"date-time":"2023-08-17T06:23:25Z","timestamp":1692253405000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/jan.15391"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,31]]},"references-count":85,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/jan.15391"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jan.15391","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0309-2402","1365-2648"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0309-2402","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2648","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,31]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-01-25","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-07-17","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-07-31","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}