{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T00:59:56Z","timestamp":1782953996001,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,24]],"date-time":"2022-10-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1666569600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000659","name":"Research Trainees Coordinating Centre","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ICA\u2010CDRF\u20102017\u201003\u2010083"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ICA\u2010CDRF\u20102017\u201003\u2010083"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Advanced Nursing"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To determine the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in adults with Crohn's Disease (CD) in Birmingham, UK (latitude 52.4\u00b0N, \u22121.9\u00b0E) and identify modifiable risk factors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design\/Method<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A nurse\u2010led, single\u2010centre, prospective study was conducted over 5\u2009months in 2019 and 2020 in outpatients with CD, at a tertiary referral hospital in Birmingham UK. Vitamin D (25OHD) levels were measured at a single timepoint by a dried blood spot sample. Modifiable risk factor data were collected including intake of vitamin D\u2010containing foods, use of vitamin D supplements, sun exposure and current smoking.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Total 150 participants (53.3% male, 79.3% white British). Vitamin D deficiency (25OHD &lt;50\u2009nmol\/L) was found in 53.3%. 32.7% of participants took over\u2010the\u2010counter vitamin D supplements and 20.7% used prescribed supplements. We found that diets were generally poor in relation to vitamin D\u2010rich foods. In terms of sun exposure, few (18%) had visited a sunny country recently, and few (6%) covered their whole body with clothing. Most used High Sun Protection Factor (80%) with a median grade of SPF 45.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients with CD are at high risk of vitamin D deficiency as defined by 25OHD\u2009&lt;\u200950\u2009nmol\/L, with the prevalence of deficiency being highest during the winter months. Patients with CD in the UK are unlikely to maintain vitamin D levels from sunlight exposure, dietary sources or over\u2010the\u2010counter supplements.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Impact<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>Patients with Crohn's Disease are at high risk of developing vitamin D deficiency but there is little data from the UK at this latitude.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>We demonstrate the prevalence and severity of vitamin D deficiency in people with Crohn's Disease in the UK.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in this group is high and warrants monitoring by nurses and clinical teams. Nurses and clinical teams should consider strategies for vitamin D supplementation in patients with Crohn's Disease.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <\/jats:list>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jan.15476","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,25]],"date-time":"2022-10-25T01:04:13Z","timestamp":1666659853000},"page":"205-214","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and modifiable risk factors in patients with Crohn's disease: A prospective observational study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"79","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5033-8278","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jane","family":"Fletcher","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Nutrition Nurses University Hospital Birmingham NHS Trust, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham  Birmingham UK"},{"name":"School of Nursing, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Birmingham  Birmingham UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michaela","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Liverpool Clinical Trials Centre Alder Hey Children's NHS Trust  Liverpool UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Hewison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham  Birmingham UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5632-4926","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amelia","family":"Swift","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Birmingham  Birmingham UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sheldon C.","family":"Cooper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology University Hospital Birmingham NHS Trust, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham  Birmingham UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_14_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MIB.0b013e3182902ad9"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198\u2010011\u20101606\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ecco\u2010jcc\/jjy150"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medcli.2017.10.036"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)60026-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12123699"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13041083"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000488744"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.abb.2011.11.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000489010"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/flgastro\u20102012\u2010100231"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365\u20102133.2012.11004.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40814\u2010021\u201000813\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12041064"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7748\/nr.2021.e1786"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2014.11.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-004-1329-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0029665111001650"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/s0007114515004298"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.14533"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0217238"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2016.53"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.16549"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11657\u2010017\u20100361\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurpub\/ckab004"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0132036"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/sga.0000000000000572"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.17980"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_30_1","unstructured":"NHS England. 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