{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T02:50:15Z","timestamp":1772160615784,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,20]],"date-time":"2023-11-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1700438400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Advanced Nursing"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Aim<\/jats:title>\n To develop a nurse\u2010led model of analgesia to manage post\u2010operative pain in the surgical neonate.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Design<\/jats:title>\n A four\u2010round e\u2010Delphi study was conducted from March to December 2022.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n An e\u2010Delphi method was used seeking a consensus of 70% or greater. Fifty\u2010one experts were invited to join the panel. Members consisted of multi\u2010disciplinary healthcare professionals who work in areas associated with neonatal care. In round 1, 49 statements relative to neonatal pain assessment and management were distributed to the panel. Panel members were asked to rate their level of agreeance on a Likert scale from 1 to 5 (1\u2009=\u2009\n strongly disagree<\/jats:italic>\n to 5\u2009=\u2009\n strongly agree<\/jats:italic>\n ). Ratings equal to or greater than 4 represented agreement, 3 indicated uncertainty and 2 or less disagreement with the proposed statement. An opportunity for free\u2010text responses after each statement was provided. This iterative process continued for three rounds. In the fourth and final round, the completed model of neonatal nurse\u2010controlled analgesia was presented along with a further opportunity to provide feedback on the final version.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n Four rounds of statements and voting were required to reach consensus on a model of neonatal nurse\u2010controlled analgesia. The model consists of criteria for use, over\u2010arching guidelines and three separate pathways based on an individual baby's pain assessment scores, need for pain relieving interventions and time\u2010lapsed post\u2010surgical procedure.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n A comprehensive model of neonatal nurse\u2010controlled analgesia, applicable to the Australasian context, was developed in collaboration with a group of neonatal experts.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Impact<\/jats:title>\n This study provides a multi\u2010modal family\u2010integrated model to manage neonatal post\u2010operative pain. By providing nurses with increased autonomy to assess and manage acute pain, this model has the potential to not only provide a more responsive and individualized approach to alleviate discomfort, but highlights the integral role of parent partnerships in the neonatal intensive care.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Reporting Method<\/jats:title>\n This study was reported in line with the Conducting and REporting of DElphi studies (CREDE) guidance on Delphi studies.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Patient or Public Contribution<\/jats:title>\n No patient or public contribution was utilized for this study.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jan.15972","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,21]],"date-time":"2023-11-21T16:44:01Z","timestamp":1700585041000},"page":"2429-2438","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Developing a model of neonatal nurse\u2010controlled analgesia: A Delphi study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"80","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8026-6620","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Renee","family":"Muirhead","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neonatal Critical Care Unit, Mater Health South Brisbane Queensland Australia"},{"name":"School of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Work University of Queensland Brisbane Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5353-9876","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kathryn","family":"Kynoch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Work University of Queensland Brisbane Queensland Australia"},{"name":"Mater Health and Queensland Centre for Evidence Based Nursing and Midwifery: A JBI Centre of Excellence Newstead Queensland Australia"},{"name":"School of Nursing Queensland University of Technology Kelvin Grove Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5282-8155","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ann","family":"Peacock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Work University of Queensland Brisbane Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pita","family":"Birch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neonatal Critical Care Unit, Mater Health South Brisbane Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter A.","family":"Lewis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Work University of Queensland Brisbane Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_14_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/pch\/12.2.137"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_14_3_1","first-page":"25","article-title":"Implementation of a nurse\u2010driven sedation protocol in the ICU","volume":"19","author":"Beck L.","year":"2008","journal-title":"Dynamics"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bucsea O. &Riddell R. 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