{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T19:58:41Z","timestamp":1780084721233,"version":"3.54.0"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,23]],"date-time":"2023-11-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1700697600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Advanced Nursing"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>To consolidate healthcare professionals' insights about waterbirths and water immersion during labour.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Mixed studies review.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Data Sources<\/jats:title><jats:p>Seven electronic databases were searched from their inception dates till June 2023: PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Web of Science, Scopus, ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta\u2010Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines and Pluye and Hong's mixed studies review framework guided this review. The quality of included studies was evaluated using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. Findings were synthesized using the convergent qualitative synthesis method, and results were thematically analysed using Braun and Clarke's framework.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Three main themes were identified from the 22 included studies: (1) believing in waterbirths, (2) opposing forces and (3) plotting the course ahead.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Healthcare professionals reported different views about waterbirths and water immersion practices; midwives were most likely to support these practices, followed by nurses and lastly, few physicians supported them. Reasons for opposing waterbirths include insufficient training and support from colleagues as well as concerns about work efficiency, waterbirth safety and litigation issues.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Impact<\/jats:title><jats:p>The available evidence suggests the need to provide waterbirth training for healthcare professionals, equip healthcare facilities with necessary waterbirth\u2010related infrastructure and develop appropriate waterbirth policies\/guidelines. Healthcare professionals could also consider providing antenatal waterbirth education to women and obtain women's feedback to improve current policies\/guidelines. Future research should explore the views of different types of healthcare professionals from more diverse cultures.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Reporting Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>The PRISMA guidelines.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>No Patient or Public Contribution<\/jats:title><jats:p>Systematic review.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jan.15975","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,25]],"date-time":"2023-11-25T00:04:53Z","timestamp":1700870693000},"page":"2156-2166","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Insights of healthcare professionals regarding waterbirths and water immersion during labour: A mixed studies review"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"80","author":[{"given":"Joelle Yan Xin","family":"Chua","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine National University of Singapore  Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahesh","family":"Choolani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology National University Hospital  Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joan Gabrielle","family":"Lalor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing and Midwifery Trinity College Dublin  Dublin Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yap Seng","family":"Chong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology National University Hospital  Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5583-2814","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shefaly","family":"Shorey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine National University of Singapore  Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10376178.2016.1238287"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.47750\/jptcp.2023.1069"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","volume-title":"Immersion in water during labor and delivery","author":"American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists","year":"2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2015.08.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BPO.0000000000001668"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033\u2010295X.84.2.191"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2020.02.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18332\/ejm\/146166"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13012\u2010020\u201001024\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjc.6602361"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1191\/1478088706qp063oa"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2019.11.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000111.pub4"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1049732312452938"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2018.08.169"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2020.02.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2017.09.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.325.7375.1263"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.srhc.2015.08.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.midw.2020.102766"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3928\/00220124\u201020170119\u201010"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jan.14720"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1057\/978-1-137-60495-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/hex.12665"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1471\u20100528.15199"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2017.02.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","unstructured":"Hong Q. Pluye P. F\u00e0bregues S. Bartlett G. Boardman F. Cargo M. Dagenais P. Gagnon M.\u2010P. Griffiths F. Nicolau B. O'Cathain A. Rousseau M.\u2010C. &Vedel I.(2018).Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT) version 2018. Registration of Copyright (#1148552) Canadian Intellectual Property Office Industry Canada. Retrieved July 20 fromhttp:\/\/mixedmethodsappraisaltoolpublic.pbworks.com\/w\/file\/fetch\/127916259\/MMAT_2018_criteria\u2010manual_2018\u201008\u201001_ENG.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5958\/0974\u20109357.2019.00023.0"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884\u2010018\u20101823\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884\u2010017\u20101637\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-80744-3_7"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/23311908.2017.1340083"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2016.01.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_35_1","unstructured":"Mercredi A.(2020).Water birth: The experiences and perceptions of childbirth health care professionals in Alberta hospitals."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmwh.2009.01.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884\u2010020\u201003416\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.midw.2019.102554"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmir.2017.02.071"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01443615.2019.1587603"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.midw.2017.09.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2015.01.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.midw.2015.10.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2020.07.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jonm.12084"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n71"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1891\/2156\u20105287.6.4.206"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev\u2010publhealth\u2010032013\u2010182440"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2018.06.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884\u2010023\u201005690\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_51_1","volume-title":"Immersion in water during labour and birth","author":"Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists\/Royal College of Midwives","year":"2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_52_1","unstructured":"Russell K.(2016).Changing the culture on labour ward to increase midwives promotion of birthing pools: An action research study. [Ph.D. The University of Nottingham (United Kingdom)]. ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.midw.2013.11.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1552\u20106909.2009.01065.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12904\u2010021\u201000787\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2019.04.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_57_1","unstructured":"Way S. E.(2015).Perceived barriers to waterbirth: A survey of members of the American College of Nurse\u2010Midwives. [M.S. University of California San Francisco]. ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2005.10.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_59_1","unstructured":"Woodward J. L.(2012).The challenge of conducting a waterbirth randomised controlled trial[Ph.D. University of Birmingham (United Kingdom)]. ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_60_1","volume-title":"WHO recommendations: Intrapartum care for a positive childbirth experience","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_61_1","volume-title":"Births attended by skilled health personnel","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2022"}],"container-title":["Journal of Advanced Nursing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jan.15975","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,11]],"date-time":"2024-05-11T07:02:14Z","timestamp":1715410934000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/jan.15975"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,23]]},"references-count":60,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/jan.15975"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jan.15975","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0309-2402","1365-2648"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0309-2402","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2648","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-07-07","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-11-07","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-11-23","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}