{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T02:50:25Z","timestamp":1772160625948,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,31]],"date-time":"2024-01-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706659200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CF is supported by an NHMRC Investigator Grant 202"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CF is supported by an NHMRC Investigator Grant 202"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014467","name":"Western Sydney Local Health District","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2018 Western Sydney Local Health District Research"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018 Western Sydney Local Health District Research"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014467","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014467","name":"Western Sydney Local Health District","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2019 Integrated and Community Health Research Laun"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019 Integrated and Community Health Research Laun"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014467","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Advanced Nursing"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,8]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Aim<\/jats:title>\n To develop and test the psychometric properties of an expanded catheter self\u2010management scale for patients with in\u2010dwelling urinary catheters.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Design<\/jats:title>\n A cross\u2010sectional validation study. Despite the utility of the original 13\u2010item catheter self\u2010management scale, this instrument did not include bowel management, general hygiene and drainage bag care, which are fundamental skills in urinary catheter self\u2010management to prevent common problems resulting in unnecessary hospital presentations. The expanded catheter self\u2010management scale was developed with 10 additional items to comprehensively assess all five essential aspects of urinary catheter self\u2010management.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n A total of 101 adult community\u2010dwelling patients living with indwelling urinary catheters were recruited from Western Sydney, Australia. Using exploratory factor analysis with Varimax rotation, the number of factors to be extracted from the expanded 23\u2010item expanded catheter self\u2010management scale was determined using a scree plot. The reliability of the overall scale and subscales was measured using Cronbach's alpha. Convergent validity was assessed using Spearman's correlations between clinical characteristics, overall scale and subscales.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n The 23\u2010item expanded catheter self\u2010management scale yielded a 5\u2010factor solution, labelled as: (i) self\u2010monitoring of catheter function, (ii) proactive, help\u2010seeking behaviour function, (iii) bowel self\u2010care function, (iv) hygiene\u2010related catheter site function and (v) drainage bag care function. Cronbach's alpha of the expanded catheter self\u2010management scale indicating all 23 items contributed to the overall alpha value. Convergent validity results showed a negative correlation between the overall expanded catheter self\u2010management scale and catheter\u2010related problems.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n The 5\u2010factor structure provided a comprehensive assessment of key aspects of urinary catheter self\u2010management essential to reduce the likelihood of catheter\u2010related hospital presentations.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Implications<\/jats:title>\n The expanded catheter self\u2010management scale can be used to assess and monitor effective patient\u2010centred interventions for optimal self\u2010management to prevent catheter\u2010related problems and improve the quality of life of patients.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Impact<\/jats:title>\n \n \n \n Many patients start their journey of living with a urinary catheter unexpectedly and are not supported with quality information to care for their catheter.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n \n The findings of this study show the correlation between catheter self\u2010management skills and catheter\u2010related problems.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n \n The expanded catheter self\u2010management scale (E\u2010CSM) assists with analysing the self\u2010management skills of patients living with a catheter and developing tailored interventions to prevent problems and improve their quality of life. In addition, this screening tool can be included in policies, guidelines, and care plans as a standard for improving catheter management and developing educational resources for patients.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n <\/jats:list>\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Reporting Method<\/jats:title>\n STROBE checklist was used to report all aspects of this study comprehensively and accurately.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Patient or Public Contribution<\/jats:title>\n \n Patients living with indwelling urinary catheter and their carers have participated in surveys, interviews and co\u2010designing interventions. This paper reports the psychometric analysis of the expanded catheter self\u2010management scale (E\u2010CSM) used in the patient survey as part of the main study \u2018Improving Quality of Life of Patients Living with Indwelling Urinary Catheters: IQ\u2010IDC Study\u2019 (Alex et\u00a0al. in\n Collegian<\/jats:italic>\n , 29:405\u2013413, 2021). We greatly value our consumers' contributions and continue to communicate the progress of the study to them. Their contributions will be acknowledged in all publications and presentations. In addition, all participants will be provided the option of receiving the interventions and publications generated from this study.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jan.16081","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]],"date-time":"2024-02-01T01:29:30Z","timestamp":1706750970000},"page":"3199-3210","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Development and psychometric evaluation of an expanded urinary catheter self\u2010management scale: A cross\u2010sectional study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"80","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1498-3135","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joby","family":"Alex","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Integrated and Community Health Western Sydney Local Health District North Parramatta New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"School of Nursing Western Sydney Local Health District Wollongong New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"Mt Druitt Community Health Centre Cnr Buran & Kelly Cl Mount Druitt New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2417-2216","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Caleb","family":"Ferguson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health University of Wollongong Wollongong New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"Centre for Chronic and Complex Care Research, Blacktown Hospital Western Sydney Local Health District North Parramatta New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"Western Sydney University, University of Technology Queensland University of Technology Brisbane City Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7815-3005","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lucie M.","family":"Ramjan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Western Sydney University, School of Nursing and Midwifery University of Wollongong Wollongong New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"COHORT Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research Penrith New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6475-8804","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Della","family":"Maneze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health University of Wollongong Wollongong New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2435-8061","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jed","family":"Montayre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Evidence\u2010based Practice for Health Care Policy The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hung Hom Hong Kong"},{"name":"University of Wollongong Wollongong New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7429-4086","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yenna","family":"Salamonson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health University of Wollongong Wollongong New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"Western Sydney University Penrith New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_15_2_1","unstructured":"Agency for Clinical Innovation. 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