{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T15:20:05Z","timestamp":1787066405060,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,25]],"date-time":"2025-03-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1742860800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,25]],"date-time":"2025-03-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1742860800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Advanced Nursing"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Urinary incontinence, often perceived as embarrassing, perpetuates the stigma that delays treatment and encourages concealment. This stigma significantly diminishes quality of life and imposes both financial and medical burdens. Although prior research has examined stigma reduction in urinary incontinence, it persists as a widespread issue. Most studies have focused on interviews, primarily addressing urine leakage, with a limited understanding of the factors influencing urinary incontinence stigma and their interrelations. More in\u2010depth quantitative studies are crucial to inform targeted interventions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>(1) To develop targeted interventions aimed at alleviating urinary incontinence\u2010related stigma in older adults. (2) To identify factors that mitigate stigma in older adults with urinary incontinence. (3) To examine the associations between these factors and stigma.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cross\u2010sectional survey.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A cross\u2010sectional survey was conducted with 510 older adults across three hospitals in Guangdong from July 2022 to January 2024, utilising the SSCI\u201024 and Incontinence Severity Index. Three multivariate linear regression models, adjusted for covariates based on directed acyclic graphs, were employed to explore the relationships between variables and stigma. Additionally, subgroup analyses were performed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Participants reported higher levels of self\u2010stigma compared to perceived stigma. Multivariate analysis revealed significant associations between urinary incontinence type, severity, frequency of micturitions and stigma. Key factors contributing to stigma reduction include managing incontinence severity, reducing frequency of micturitions and preventing the progression to mixed incontinence.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study identified associations between urinary incontinence characteristics\u2014type, severity and frequency of micturitions\u2014and stigma. Strategies for stigma reduction are proposed, underscoring the vital role of nurses in this process.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Impact<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The findings of this study contribute to a deeper understanding of stigma surrounding urinary incontinence in older adults and provide insights for developing more effective interventions by healthcare professionals and community caregivers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Reporting Method<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study adhered to the STROBE checklist for observational studies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Patient or Public Contribution<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>No patient or public contribution.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jan.16902","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,27]],"date-time":"2025-03-27T04:49:06Z","timestamp":1743050946000},"page":"452-465","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Unravelling the Links Between Urine Leakage, Frequency, Types of Incontinence and Stigma in Older Adults: A Cross\u2010Sectional Study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"82","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6254-9950","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"HaoChong","family":"He","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing Guangdong Jiangmen Chinese Medicine College  Jiangmen Guangdong China"},{"name":"School of Nursing Guangdong Pharmaceutical University  Guangzhou Guangdong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"LaiDi","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing Guangdong Jiangmen Chinese Medicine College  Jiangmen Guangdong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"QiaoLing","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing Guangdong Pharmaceutical University  Guangzhou Guangdong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ye","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing Hunan College of Foreign Studies  Changsha Hunan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"TianXiang","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing Dalian University  Dalian Liaoning China"},{"name":"Intensive Care Unit Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University  Linhai Zhejiang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"XiaoMiao","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Urology Department Jiangmen Central Hospital  Jiangmen Guangdong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"XiuMei","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing Guangdong Jiangmen Chinese Medicine College  Jiangmen Guangdong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0090\u20104295(02)02243\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.11599"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0271617"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877\u2010021\u201002135\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10597\u2010020\u201000559\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17072533"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/IJWH.S383651"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.23897"},{"issue":"34","key":"e_1_2_13_10_1","first-page":"4304","article-title":"The Chinese Version of the Chronic Illness Anticipated Stigma Scale and Its Reliability and Validity Among Stroke Patients","volume":"20","author":"Deng C. 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