{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,22]],"date-time":"2026-08-22T08:45:41Z","timestamp":1787388341079,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1760054400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1760054400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Advanced Nursing"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim(s)<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To examine the historical origins of \u2018advanced\u2019 nursing as a concept.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Historical analysis using primary source documentation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Historical analysis of articles published in the American Journal of Nursing by the National League of Nursing Education from 1928 to 1950, supplemented by books and articles addressing nursing specialisation history. Articles were analysed chronologically to trace terminology development and strategic decision\u2010making processes during this foundational period.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results and Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\u2018Advanced\u2019 terminology was first introduced in 1933 by Isabel Stewart to distinguish university\u2010based clinical specialisation from exploitative hospital \u2018postgraduate courses\u2019. The term served as a strategic tool for legitimacy and professional differentiation. World War II accelerated development through federal funding and increased specialisation demands. Louise McManus provided the first conceptual framework in 1949, defining \u2018advanced\u2019 education as \u2018planned forward movement\u2019 requiring new learning experiences beyond basic preparation. Master's degree requirements were established in 1952, creating educational structures that persist today.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The strategic introduction of \u2018advanced\u2019 terminology in the 1930s established foundational concepts that continue to influence contemporary advanced practice nursing development internationally.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Implications for the Profession and\/or Patient Care<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Understanding these historical origins enables more informed policy development for countries implementing advanced nursing roles and helps resolve ongoing definitional confusion in international nursing practice.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Impact<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This research addresses the gap in historical understanding of advanced practice nursing terminology origins. Main findings reveal the strategic nature of professional language in nursing's professionalisation. The research impacts international nursing education policy and contemporary advanced nursing role development across diverse healthcare systems.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Reporting Method<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study adhered to guidelines for historical research methodology.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Patient or Public Contribution<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study did not include patient or public involvement in its design, conduct, or reporting.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jan.70279","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T03:56:14Z","timestamp":1760154974000},"page":"6493-6503","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The Historical Foundations of Advanced Practice Nursing: Tracing American Origins for Global Understanding"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"82","author":[{"given":"Roberto","family":"Galao\u2010Malo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Mount Sinai Health System Clinical Data Registry, Quality Operations  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rita","family":"D'Aoust","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Johns Hopkins University School of Nursing  Baltimore Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alison","family":"Davidson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Surgery Mount Sinai Hospital  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kim","family":"Curry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Florida College of Nursing  Gainesville Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","unstructured":"American Association of Colleges of Nursing.2021.\u201cThe Essentials: Core Competences for Professional Nursing Education.\u201dhttps:\/\/www.aacnnursing.org\/Portals\/42\/AcademicNursing\/pdf\/Essentials\u20102021.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","unstructured":"American Nurses Association.2022.\u201cOur Racial Reckoning Statement.\u201dhttps:\/\/www.nursingworld.org\/~4a00a2\/globalassets\/practiceandpolicy\/workforce\/racial\u2010reckoning\u2010statement.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3412624"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3415511"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3416626"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3456292"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","unstructured":"Burst H.2013.\u201cYale School of Nursing: Celebrating 90\u2009Years of Excellence; YSN: A Brief History.\u201dYale School of Nursing Alumni Newsletter and Magazines 182.https:\/\/elischolar.library.yale.edu\/cgi\/viewcontent.cgi?article=1182&context=ysn_alumninews."},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","first-page":"446","article-title":"The Influence of Specialization on the Nursing Profession","volume":"3","author":"Christman L.","year":"1965","journal-title":"Nursing Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","volume-title":"Nurses Production, Education, Distribution, and Pay","author":"Committee on the Grading of Nursing Schools","year":"1930"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3457561"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nin.12450"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","volume-title":"Keating's Curriculum Development and Evaluation in Nursing Education","author":"Ervin S. 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