{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T11:14:03Z","timestamp":1788174843362,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":94,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788134400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788134400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Advanced Nursing"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To compare the effectiveness of different intervention strategies for improving self\u2010care maintenance, self\u2010care management and self\u2010care confidence in adults with heart failure.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Systematic review and network meta\u2010analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Following PRISMA\u2010NMA guidelines, randomised controlled trials evaluating heart failure self\u2010care interventions were included. Self\u2010care was assessed using the Self\u2010Care of Heart Failure Index across the eligible studies. Interventions were classified as knowledge\/cognition\u2010oriented, skill\/behaviour\u2010oriented, monitoring\/feedback\u2010reinforcement, motivation\/empowerment\u2010oriented or multicomponent. Risk of bias was assessed with RoB 2. Pairwise meta\u2010analyses and exploratory network meta\u2010analyses were performed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Data Sources<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, CENTRAL, CINAHL and PsycINFO were searched from inception to March 2025.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Fifty\u2010four trials involving 6508 participants were included, of which 32 contributed to the meta\u2010analysis. In pairwise meta\u2010analysis, motivation\/empowerment\u2010oriented and skill\/behaviour\u2010oriented interventions improved self\u2010care maintenance, whereas knowledge\/cognition\u2010oriented, monitoring\/feedback\u2010reinforcement and motivation\/empowerment\u2010oriented interventions improved self\u2010care management. Multicomponent interventions improved maintenance, management and confidence, but were not clearly superior to more focused strategies. Subgroup analyses suggested greater benefits from personalised provider feedback than from predominantly automated feedback. Exploratory network meta\u2010analysis showed similar patterns, although rankings should be interpreted cautiously because the network was star\u2010shaped and lacked direct comparisons between active interventions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Heart failure self\u2010care interventions are not equally effective across domains. Motivation\/empowerment\u2010oriented approaches showed the clearest signal for self\u2010care maintenance, whereas knowledge\u2010based and personalised monitoring\/feedback strategies appeared more relevant for self\u2010care management. These findings support a more targeted approach to intervention design.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Implications for the Profession<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Healthcare professionals should tailor strategies to specific self\u2010care goals, prioritising motivational techniques for maintenance, structured education and monitoring with personalised feedback for management.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Patient or Public Contribution<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>No patient or public involvement.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Trial Number<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>CRD420250652676<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jan.70738","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T10:16:09Z","timestamp":1788171369000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effectiveness of Strategies for Promoting Self\u2010Care in Heart Failure: A Systematic Review and Network Meta\u2010Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"given":"Yan","family":"Zou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing The Hong Kong Polytechnic University  Hong Kong China"},{"name":"School of Nursing Yangzhou University  Yangzhou China"},{"name":"The Joint Research Centre for Primary Health Care The Hong Kong Polytechnic University  Hong Kong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arkers Kwan Ching","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing The Hong Kong Polytechnic University  Hong Kong China"},{"name":"The Joint Research Centre for Primary Health Care The Hong Kong Polytechnic University  Hong Kong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frances Kam Yuet","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing The Hong Kong Polytechnic University  Hong Kong China"},{"name":"The Joint Research Centre for Primary Health Care The Hong Kong Polytechnic University  Hong Kong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingjing","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing Tung Wah College  Hong Kong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rose Sin Yi","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Rochester Medical Center, The University of Rochester  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ming Ming","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Department of Epidemiology and Public Health University College of London  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing Yangzhou University  Yangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nuo","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing The Hong Kong Polytechnic University  Hong Kong China"},{"name":"The Joint Research Centre for Primary Health Care The Hong Kong Polytechnic University  Hong Kong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_15_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nop2.805"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/XEB.0000000000000108"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/1518\u20108345.2167.2982"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/\/0033\u2010295x.84.2.191"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/resprot.5093"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afaf302"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jrsm.12"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_9_1","first-page":"71","article-title":"The Effect of Telehomecare on Heart Failure Self Care","volume":"2010","author":"Bowles K. 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