{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T13:27:47Z","timestamp":1761744467676,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,1]],"date-time":"2017-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1488326400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Research Intellect Disabil"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DS<\/jats:styled-content>) is the most common microdeletion syndrome in humans. The presence of learning difficulty is reported in the majority of individuals with 22q11DS, but there is considerable heterogeneity in cognitive and educational profiles and in the age\u2010related changes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>Verbal, non\u2010verbal and spatial abilities, and educational attainment of 18 children and adolescents with 22q11<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DS<\/jats:styled-content> were assessed at two time points 5\u00a0years apart.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>There was a decline in full\u2010scale <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IQ<\/jats:styled-content>, with a sharper decline in verbal than non\u2010verbal skills, whereas spatial abilities remained stable over time. Individual profile analysis revealed discrepancies between full\u2010scale <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IQ<\/jats:styled-content> and reading skills, suggestive of \u201chyperlexia,\u201d for more than two\u2010thirds of participants.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The relative strength in verbal ability observed in 22q11<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DS<\/jats:styled-content> is more apparent when children are younger, and a more even cognitive profile is observed in older children and adolescents. Educational attainments keep pace with development, and literacy skills are globally higher than might be expected from full\u2010scale <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IQ<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jar.12344","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,1]],"date-time":"2017-03-01T07:54:37Z","timestamp":1488354877000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Developmental changes in the cognitive and educational profiles of children and adolescents with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8041-8113","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Valentina","family":"Tobia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Milano\u2010Bicocca  Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sophie","family":"Brigstocke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of York  Heslington York UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Charles","family":"Hulme","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University College London  London UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Margaret J","family":"Snowling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"St John's College and University of Oxford  St. Giles Oxford UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ddrr.7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jir.12134"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","first-page":"333","article-title":"Cognitive and psychiatric predictors to psychosis in velocardiofacial syndrome: A 3\u2010year follow\u2010up study","volume":"49","author":"Antshel K. 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