{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,25]],"date-time":"2026-07-25T03:39:24Z","timestamp":1784950764602,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,18]],"date-time":"2020-03-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1584489600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000265","name":"Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MC_PC_17217"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MC_PC_17217"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000265","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Research Intellect Disabil"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Intellectual disabilities and autism are lifelong and often co\u2010occur. Little is known on their extent of independent association with sensory impairments and physical disability.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>For Scotland's population, logistic regressions investigated age\u2013gender\u2010adjusted odds ratios (OR) of associations, independently, of intellectual disabilities and autism with sensory impairments and physical disability.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>1,548,819 children\/youth, and 3,746,584 adults. In children\/youth, the effect size of intellectual disabilities and autism, respectively, was as follows: blindness (OR\u00a0=\u00a030.12; OR\u00a0=\u00a02.63), deafness (OR\u00a0=\u00a013.98; OR\u00a0=\u00a02.31), and physical disability (OR\u00a0=\u00a043.72; OR\u00a0=\u00a05.62). For adults, the effect size of intellectual disabilities and autism, respectively, was as follows: blindness (OR\u00a0=\u00a016.89; OR\u00a0=\u00a03.29), deafness (OR\u00a0=\u00a07.47; OR\u00a0=\u00a02.36), and physical disability (OR\u00a0=\u00a06.04; OR\u00a0=\u00a03.16).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Intellectual disabilities have greater association with the population burden of sensory impairments\/physical disability, but autism is also associated regardless of overlap with intellectual disabilities. These may impact further on communication limitations due to autism and intellectual disabilities, increasing complexity of assessments\/management of other health conditions. Clinicians need to be aware of these important issues.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jar.12728","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,18]],"date-time":"2020-03-18T21:47:29Z","timestamp":1584568049000},"page":"1059-1068","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["The relative influence of intellectual disabilities and autism on sensory impairments and physical disability: A whole\u2010country cohort of 5.3 million children and adults"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2626-1554","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Deborah","family":"Kinnear","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Mental Health and Wellbeing Group Institute of Health and Wellbeing University of Glasgow Glasgow UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ewelina","family":"Rydzewska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mental Health and Wellbeing Group Institute of Health and Wellbeing University of Glasgow Glasgow UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kirsty","family":"Dunn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mental Health and Wellbeing Group Institute of Health and Wellbeing University of Glasgow Glasgow UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9498-8045","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura","family":"Hughes\u2010McCormack","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mental Health and Wellbeing Group Institute of Health and Wellbeing University of Glasgow Glasgow UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Craig","family":"Melville","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mental Health and Wellbeing Group Institute of Health and Wellbeing University of Glasgow Glasgow UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angela","family":"Henderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mental Health and Wellbeing Group Institute of Health and Wellbeing University of Glasgow Glasgow UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sally\u2010Ann","family":"Cooper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mental Health and Wellbeing Group Institute of Health and Wellbeing University of Glasgow Glasgow UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.105.018127"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2788.2001.00366.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.106.022483"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1362361315577517"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.107.038729"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2788.1995.tb00910.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2788.2008.01114.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.aud.0000215979.65645.22"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rasd.2011.10.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjpo.bp.117.005462"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13668259800033541"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2788.2003.00453.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aur.2138"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","first-page":"e018292","article-title":"The prevalence of multi\u2010morbidity in a cohort of adults with intellectual disabilities, with and without Down syndrome","volume":"8","author":"Kinnear D.","year":"2018","journal-title":"British Medical Journal Open"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3156.1997.tb00020.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(13)70011-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","volume-title":"2011 Census: Release 1C \u2013 How the 2011 census population estimates were obtained","author":"National Records of Scotland (NRS)","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1098214012441499"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","first-page":"e023945","article-title":"Prevalence of long\u2010term health conditions in adults with autism \u2010 Observational study of a whole country population","volume":"8","author":"Rydzewska E.","year":"2018","journal-title":"British Medical Journal Open"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1362361318791279"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CHI.0b013e318179964f"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0420.2003.00035.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","first-page":"56","volume-title":"Visual handicap in children","author":"Warburg M.","year":"1979"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3156.1992.tb00675.x"}],"container-title":["Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fjar.12728","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jar.12728","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/jar.12728","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jar.12728","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,2]],"date-time":"2023-09-02T10:09:00Z","timestamp":1693649340000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/jar.12728"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,18]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/jar.12728"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jar.12728","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1360-2322","1468-3148"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1360-2322","type":"print"},{"value":"1468-3148","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,18]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2019-11-05","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-03-02","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-03-18","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}