{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T21:25:47Z","timestamp":1788384347544,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,5]],"date-time":"2020-12-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1607126400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Research Intellect Disabil"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Globally, conducting randomised controlled trials can be a complex endeavour. The complexity increases when including participants with cognitive or intellectual disabilities. A fuller understanding of the barriers and challenges that can be expected in such trials may help researchers to make their trials more inclusive for people with disabilities.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>Semi\u2010structured interviews were conducted with twelve international trial experts.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Eight themes\u00a0emerged\u00a0relating\u00a0to\u00a0challenges linked to: 1) participant co\u2010morbidities, 2) participant ability levels, 3) ethics and consent, 4) the RCT methodology, 5) gatekeeping, 6) staff turnover, 7) lack of technical understanding and 8) attitudes and perceptions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Conducting trials with cognitively disabled participants can pose unique challenges although many can be overcome with \u2018reasonable adjustments\u2019. Challenges that are harder to overcome are attitudes and perceptions that people (professional staff, funding bodies, carers or fellow researchers) hold towards the utility of conducting trials with cognitively disabled populations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jar.12838","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,5]],"date-time":"2020-12-05T09:44:56Z","timestamp":1607161496000},"page":"891-904","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Challenges to conducting randomised controlled trials with adults with intellectual disabilities: Experiences of international experts"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"34","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2574-4500","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter","family":"Mulhall","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing Ulster University Newtownabbey Northern Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0954-2127","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laurence","family":"Taggart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing Ulster University Newtownabbey Northern Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Toni","family":"McAloon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing Ulster University Newtownabbey Northern Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vivien","family":"Coates","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing Ulster University Newtownabbey Northern Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10488-010-0327-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2288-14-42"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0221507"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1191\/1478088706qp063oa"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-publhealth-031816-044215"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jir.12369"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3475"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ecc.12434"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41562-018-0399-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.a1655"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7748\/nr2011.04.18.3.13.c8458"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jocn.14168"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jir.12091"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.23157"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.1002165"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","first-page":"1408","article-title":"Are we there yet? 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