{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T23:25:07Z","timestamp":1778801107411,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,26]],"date-time":"2022-03-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1648252800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Research Intellect Disabil"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>There is little research with people who experience intellectual\/developmental disabilities and imprisonment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study linked health and correctional data to examine prevalence of intellectual\/developmental disabilities and health and correctional characteristics among adults experiencing their first federal incarceration between 1 January 2002 and 31 December 2011 (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u20099278) and two non\u2010incarcerated groups (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u200910,086,802).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The prevalence of intellectual\/developmental disabilities was 2.1% in the incarcerated group and 0.9% in the non\u2010incarcerated group. Before incarceration, those with, versus without, intellectual\/developmental disabilities were at greater risk of traumatic brain injury, mental illness, and substance use disorders. While incarcerated, those with intellectual\/developmental disabilities were more likely to incur serious institutional disciplinary charges. Post\u2010incarceration, persons with intellectual\/developmental disabilities were at greater risk of emergency department visits, and psychiatric and acute hospitalizations, than the non\u2010incarcerated groups.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>People with intellectual\/developmental disabilities are overrepresented in Canadian federal correctional institutions. The authors offer strategies to support people prior to, during, and post\u2010incarceration.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jar.12995","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,26]],"date-time":"2022-03-26T08:09:50Z","timestamp":1648282190000},"page":"900-909","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Intellectual\/developmental disabilities among people incarcerated in federal correctional facilities in Ontario, Canada: Examining prevalence, health and correctional characteristics"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0965-1048","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Flora I.","family":"Matheson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"MAP Centre for Urban Health Solutions St. Michael's Hospital  Toronto Ontario Canada"},{"name":"ICES  Toronto Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Dalla Lana School of Public Health, Centre for Criminology &amp; Sociolegal Studies University of Toronto  Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Parisa","family":"Dastoori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MAP Centre for Urban Health Solutions St. Michael's Hospital  Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lisa","family":"Whittingham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Child and Youth Studies Brock University  St. Catharines Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Calzavara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ICES  Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Leslie A.","family":"Keown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Branch Correctional Service of Canada  Ottawa Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8495-1203","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Durbin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MAP Centre for Urban Health Solutions St. Michael's Hospital  Toronto Ontario Canada"},{"name":"ICES  Toronto Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry University of Toronto  Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6869-7516","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fiona G.","family":"Kouyoumdjian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ICES  Toronto Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Department of Family Medicine McMaster University  Hamilton Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9653-0764","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ICES  Toronto Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry University of Toronto  Toronto Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Office of Education, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health  Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tiziana","family":"Volpe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Azrieli Adult Neurodevelopmental Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health  Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1866-9728","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yona","family":"Lunsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ICES  Toronto Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry University of Toronto  Toronto Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Azrieli Adult Neurodevelopmental Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health  Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0021748"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MLR.0b013e318215d5e2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jppi.12039"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","unstructured":"Baldry E. 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