{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,10]],"date-time":"2025-09-10T22:05:38Z","timestamp":1757541938790,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,16]],"date-time":"2023-01-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1673827200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000071","name":"National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RO1HD076189"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RO1HD076189"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000071","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Research Intellect Disabil"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Parenting children and young adults with intellectual disabilities, including individuals with fragile X syndrome and Down syndrome, is challenging, joyful, and complicated. Exploring how parents talk about their children, and the quality of the parent\/child relationship can provide insight into the home environment and interactional patterns of the family.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>Expressed emotion (EE) is a measurement of a family's emotional climate based on a parent or caregiver's report of warmth, emotional overinvolvement, hostility, and criticism. The purpose of this study was to describe EE for a sample of parents of individuals with intellectual disabilities and to determine any differences in EE amongst individuals within subgroups. Based on previous research about fragile X syndrome and family systems, we hypothesized that there would be significant differences between the disability groups (higher EE in families with children\/young adults with fragile X syndrome).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Results showed relatively high proportions of EE across groups of individuals with intellectual disabilities, however, there were no significant differences between the subgroups. Null findings suggest that differences in EE may not relate directly to a child's specific genetic condition. Rather, increased EE in caregiver populations may simply reflect well\u2010documented stressors related to stigma, caregiver burden, and limited community supports. Critical statements were infrequent, however, over half of the participants reported dissatisfaction with their situation, and many were categorized as having emotional overinvolvement, as measured by frequent statements of intense worry and self\u2010sacrifice.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Findings point to potential utility in family\u2010level interventions focused on providing structured caregiver therapy to manage excessive worry and grief related to a diagnosis of intellectual disability, and respite care to encourage caregiver independence and pursuit of personal care.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jar.13069","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,17]],"date-time":"2023-01-17T04:54:56Z","timestamp":1673931296000},"page":"394-404","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["The comparison of expressed emotion of parents of individuals with fragile <scp>X<\/scp> syndrome to other intellectual disabilities"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"36","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9791-1473","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeanine","family":"Coleman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Regis University  Denver Colorado USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6512-9743","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Talia","family":"Thompson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Colorado, School of Medicine University of Colorado  Aurora Colorado USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karen","family":"Riley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Regis University  Denver Colorado USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Korrie","family":"Allen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Morgridge College of Education University of Denver  Denver Colorado USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Claire","family":"Michalak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rush University  Chicago Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rebecca","family":"Shields","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Davis Medical Center, Translational Psychophysiology and Assessment Laboratory, MIND Institute University of California  Sacramento California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Berry\u2010Kravis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rush University  Chicago Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Hessl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Davis Medical Center, Translational Psychophysiology and Assessment Laboratory, MIND Institute University of California  Sacramento California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1352\/0895-8017(2004)109<237:PWACIM>2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/dbp.0b013e318272dcbc"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0021900"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2788.2003.00564.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1362361309352777"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2008.02.047"},{"volume-title":"Family therapy in clinical practice","year":"1978","author":"Bowen M.","key":"e_1_2_12_8_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.101.4.568"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brown G. 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