{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,14]],"date-time":"2025-05-14T01:22:10Z","timestamp":1747185730426,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,8]],"date-time":"2023-08-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1691452800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000071","name":"National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U54 HDO79125","R01HD076189"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U54 HDO79125","R01HD076189"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000071","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Research Intellect Disabil"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Students with Intellectual Disability undergo frequent cognitive testing. Testing with this population is limited by insensitivity to relative strengths and weaknesses due to floor effects.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study explored the utility of deviation scores via four case studies as a supplement to educational decision\u2010making.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Four students with Intellectual Disability completed cognitive testing. Deviation scores were calculated using age dependent raw z\u2010score transformations to determine deviation from the standardization sample norms.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The application of deviation scores highlighted true relative strengths and weaknesses for students with Intellectual Disability rather than documenting previously known deficits. The four cases studies illustrated where deviation scores could, or could not, add value above and beyond traditional scoring.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Deviation scores can supplement placement and service decisions for students. Practical and psychometric considerations are reviewed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The findings highlight the usefulness of deviation scores in providing meaningful information to school\u2010 and clinic\u2010based practitioners.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jar.13137","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,9]],"date-time":"2023-08-09T06:31:16Z","timestamp":1691562676000},"page":"1218-1228","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Deviation scores: An innovative approach to interpreting cognitive test results for individuals with intellectual disabilities"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Devadrita","family":"Talapatra","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Education, Teaching and Learning Sciences Department University of Denver  Denver Colorado USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laurel","family":"Snider","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Education The University of Alabama  Tuscaloosa Alabama USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeanine","family":"Coleman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Office of the Provost Regis University  Denver Colorado USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6512-9743","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Talia","family":"Thompson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine University of Colorado  Aurora Colorado USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jessica S.","family":"Reinhardt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Education, Department of Psychological Studies in Education Temple University  Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Hessl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MIND Institute and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences University of California Davis  Davis California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karen","family":"Riley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Office of the President Slippery Rock University  Slippery Rock PA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,8]]},"reference":[{"volume-title":"Standards for educational and psychological testing","year":"2014","author":"American Educational Research Association","key":"e_1_2_11_2_1"},{"volume-title":"Contemporary intellectual assessment: Theories, tests, and issues","year":"2012","author":"Armstrong K.","key":"e_1_2_11_3_1"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","DOI":"10.1037\/h0088852"},{"unstructured":"Bramlett M. 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