{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T02:05:06Z","timestamp":1791857106967,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,18]],"date-time":"2025-12-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766016000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":47,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Research Intellect Disabil"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Background<\/jats:title>\n The aim was to examine the effects of \u2018Supporting Wellness in E\u2010Child Learning Environments\u2019 (SWELE) program on the mood, anxiety, social and self\u2010regulation skills and playfulness behaviours of children and adolescents with special educational needs and disabilities.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n A quasi\u2010experiment single\u2010group pre\u2010test and post\u2010test design was adopted. The intervention group received a 16\u2010week SWELE program featuring an unstructured free outdoor play coupled with mindfulness\u2010based intervention.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n 1187 children and adolescents with intellectual or physical disabilities were recruited. At post\u2010intervention, there are consistent positive changes across all five outcomes with medium to large effect sizes (Cohen's d: 0.63\u20130.80). Specifically, the SWELE program demonstrated statistically significant improvement in mood level (\n t<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u200921.86,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.001), self\u2010regulation skills (\n t<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u200929.59,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.001) and social skills (\n t<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u200923.84,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.001), reduction in anxiety symptoms (\n t<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u2009\u221227.47,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.001), and an increase in playfulness behaviours (\n t<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u200920.84,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.001).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n The SWELE intervention program was effective in promoting mental wellbeing among target children and adolescents.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jar.70164","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,19]],"date-time":"2025-12-19T06:56:12Z","timestamp":1766127372000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The Effects of a\n SWELE<\/scp>\n Program on Mental Wellbeing Among Children and Adolescents With Special Educational Needs and Disabilities: A Quasi\u2010Experimental Study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Regina Lai Tong","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Nethersole School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong"},{"name":"School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health, Medicine & Wellbeing University of Newcastle Newcastle New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alice Wai Yi","family":"Leung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Nethersole School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuen Yu","family":"Chong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Nethersole School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sally Wai Chi","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tung Wah College Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kai Chow","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Nethersole School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5321-5791","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wai Tong","family":"Chien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Nethersole School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","volume-title":"Social Learning Theory","author":"Bandura A.","year":"1977"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","first-page":"319","article-title":"Playfulness: Definition, Design and Measurement","volume":"3","author":"Barnett L. 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