{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T10:21:27Z","timestamp":1787653287688,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Research Intellect Disabil"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>People with intellectual disabilities remain under\u2010represented in architectural design and research. This paper draws on a doctoral study that explored how people with intellectual disabilities experience shopping centres. It aims to present an inclusive methodological framework that supports their meaningful participation in architectural research.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study followed a Participatory Action Research approach supported by ethnographic methods. Data was generated through interviews, walking interviews, focus groups and co\u2010design workshops and the data was analysed using reflexive thematic analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The analysis identified enabling measures that shaped an inclusive research environment, including collaboration with a self\u2010advocacy organisation, the involvement of a co\u2010researcher with lived experience, the use of prompts and flexible timelines.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The resulting framework offers practical guidance for researchers seeking to embed inclusive approaches within architectural research and related fields. The article is co\u2010authored by academic researchers and a co\u2010researcher with lived experience of an intellectual disability.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jar.70275","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T11:53:23Z","timestamp":1782906803000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["(En)Abling Architectural Research: Co\u2010Designing With People With Intellectual Disabilities"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"39","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-7650-661X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Menatalla","family":"Kasem","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Architecture Department, Faculty of Engineering Zagazig University  Zagazig Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zarah","family":"Kaleem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiff People First  Cardiff Wales"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sam","family":"Clark","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Welsh School of Architecture Cardiff University  Cardiff Wales"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2668-2834","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dikaios","family":"Sakellariou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences European University  Nicosia Cyprus"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","unstructured":"Architects Registration Board.2023.\u201cArchitects Today Analysis of the Architects' Profession in 2022.\u201d"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/0968759032000097834"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9781315777559"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/capr.12360"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/02632770810849463"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5130\/AJCEB.v8i1.2994"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/F\u201003\u20102012\u20100017"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s43586\u2010023\u201000214\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0277-9536(95)00127-S"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/socsci13030136"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1680\/muen.14.00012"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/14778785251379066"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jir.12154"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jar.12453"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09687599.2023.2279932"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/area.12492"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468\u20103156.2012.00744.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","first-page":"61","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Conference \u201cDesign for Sustainable Well\u2010Being and Empowerment\u201d DfWnE\u20102014","author":"Gaudion K.","year":"2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15710882.2014.997829"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2524.2004.00499.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/2156857X.2019.1602558"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_23_1","first-page":"55","volume-title":"Pervasive Health: Pervasive Computing Technologies for Healthcare","author":"Gonz\u00e1lez H. S.","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03605310490883046"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21608\/scumj.2021.158957"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_26_1","volume-title":"Building Access\u2009: Universal Design and the Politics of Disability","author":"Hamraie A.","year":"2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13645570802246724"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15710882.2015.1020316"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_29_1","unstructured":"House of Commons Women and Equalities Committee.2017.\u201cBuilding for Equality: Disability and the Built Environment.\u201d"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1352\/2326\u20106988\u201012.1.40"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203362501"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bld.12461"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_33_1","first-page":"103","volume-title":"Amps Proceedings Series","author":"Kasem M.","year":"2023"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203933671-13"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13549830802259912"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7202\/1086812ar"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_37_1","volume-title":"Doing co\u2010Design for Real: Mindsets, Methods and Movements","author":"McKercher K. A.","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_38_1","unstructured":"Mencap.2016.\u201cYour Guide to Communicating With People With a Learning Disability.\u201dhttps:\/\/www.mencap.org.uk\/sites\/default\/files\/2016\u201012\/Communicating%20with%20people_updated%20%281%29.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_39_1","unstructured":"Mencap.2019.\u201cEverything You Want to Know About Learning Disability (But Were Too Afraid to Ask).\u201dhttps:\/\/www.bexleymencap.org.uk\/wp\u2010content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/Learning\u2010disability\u2010booklet.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_40_1","unstructured":"Mencap.2022.\u201cHow Common is Learning Disability?\u201dhttps:\/\/www.mencap.org.uk\/learning\u2010disability\u2010explained\/research\u2010and\u2010statistics\/how\u2010common\u2010learning\u2010disability."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_41_1","unstructured":"Mencap.2024.\u201cEasy Read.\u201dhttps:\/\/www.mencap.org.uk\/easy\u2010read."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_42_1","unstructured":"National Health Service England.2018.\u201cMake it Easy! NHS England.\u201dhttps:\/\/www.england.nhs.uk\/wp\u2010content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/make\u2010it\u2010easy\u2010easy\u2010read.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Park G. U.Nanda L.Adams J.Essary M.Arch andM.Hoelting.2020.\u201cCreating and Testing a Sensory Well\u2010Being Hub for Adolescents With Developmental Disabilities.\u201d","DOI":"10.1111\/joid.12164"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15017419.2013.859178"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09687599.2020.1779038"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_46_1","unstructured":"Royal Institute of British Architects.2023.\u201cRIBA Plan of Work: Inclusive Design Overlay to the RIBA Plan of Work.\u201d"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_47_1","unstructured":"Salmi P.2007.\u201cIdentifying and Evaluating Critical Environmental Wayfinding Factors for Adults With Intellectual Disabilities. Ph.D. Thesis University of Minnesota.\u201d"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15446\/revfacmed.v63n3sup.49345"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_49_1","volume-title":"Participatory Action Research","author":"Schubotz D.","year":"2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_50_1","first-page":"487","volume-title":"ACM International Conference Proceeding Series","author":"Sitbon L.","year":"2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15017419.2014.964766"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4337\/9781788977159.00049"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_53_1","unstructured":"The National Health Service.2022.\u201cLearning Disabilities.\u201dhttps:\/\/www.nhs.uk\/conditions\/learning\u2010disabilities\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.13169\/intljofdissocjus.4.3.0004"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1057\/s41289\u2010022\u201000208\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1369\u20107625.2009.00576.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_57_1","unstructured":"United Nations.2006a.\u201cArticle 1\u2014Purpose. Convention on the Rights of Persons With Disabilities (CRPD).\u201dhttps:\/\/www.un.org\/development\/desa\/disabilities\/convention\u2010on\u2010the\u2010rights\u2010of\u2010persons\u2010with\u2010disabilities\/article\u20101\u2010purpose.html."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_58_1","unstructured":"United Nations.2006b.\u201cArticle 9\u2014Accessibility.\u201dhttps:\/\/social.desa.un.org\/issues\/disability\/crpd\/article\u20109\u2010accessibility."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_59_1","unstructured":"United Nations.2006c.\u201cConvention on the Rights of Persons With Disabilities and Optional Protocol.\u201dhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.5463\/DCID.v29i4.656."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09687590120035807"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3156.2004.00281.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_62_1","volume-title":"Inclusive Research With People With Learning Disabilities: Past, Present and Futures","author":"Walmsley J.","year":"2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jar.12431"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_64_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization.2011.\u201cWorld Report on Disability.\u201d"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_65_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization.2022.\u201cGlobal Report on Health Equity for Persons With Disabilities.\u201d"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_66_1","volume-title":"Co\u2010Design as Collaborative Research","author":"Zamenopoulos T.","year":"2018"}],"container-title":["Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jar.70275","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/jar.70275","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jar.70275","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T09:44:20Z","timestamp":1787651060000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/jar.70275"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"references-count":65,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/jar.70275"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jar.70275","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1360-2322","1468-3148"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1360-2322","type":"print"},{"value":"1468-3148","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-04-06","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-06-15","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-07-01","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70275"}}