{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T06:38:26Z","timestamp":1792737506789,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788134400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788134400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Research Intellect Disabil"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Adults with intellectual disability (ID) have high rates of urinary incontinence, yet objective neuromuscular data are limited. We compared pelvic floor muscle (PFM) activation using surface electromyography (sEMG) in adults with ID versus matched controls.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In this cross\u2010sectional study, 104 participants were recruited to an ID group (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200952) and a matched control group (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200952). Perianal sEMG recorded five maximal voluntary contractions following a standardised protocol. Intensity, variability, contraction onset and relaxation times were analysed using\n                      <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\n                      or Mann\u2013Whitney tests, MANOVA and multiple regression.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Compared with controls, the ID group showed lower mean activity (5.3\u2009\u00b1\u20096.0 vs. 8.8\u2009\u00b1\u20097.2\u2009\u03bcV;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001;\n                      <jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.52), lower peaks, longer onset and greater variability; relaxation parameters did not differ. MANOVA indicated a significant global group effect (Wilks'\n                      <jats:italic>\u03bb<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.801,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.003). Regression identified ID as the sole independent predictor of reduced activation.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Adults with ID exhibit weaker, less stable and delayed PFM activation, supporting tailored physiotherapy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jar.70300","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T08:16:27Z","timestamp":1788164187000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Characterisation of Pelvic Floor Muscle Activation in Adults With Intellectual Disability Using Surface Electromyography: A Comparative Cross\u2010Sectional Study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"39","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-4674-1487","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana","family":"L\u00f3pez\u2010Lezcano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences Alfonso X El Sabio University  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5060-799X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manuel","family":"Rozal\u00e9n\u2010Bust\u00edn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences Alfonso X El Sabio University  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8902-8362","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sara","family":"Cerrolaza\u2010Tudanca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences Alfonso X El Sabio University  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1321-3593","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M\u00aa. Soledad","family":"Amor\u2010Salamanca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences Alfonso X El Sabio University  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-0297-5306","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lara","family":"S\u00e1nchez\u2010Suarez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences Alfonso X El Sabio University  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-9499-2905","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arturo","family":"Cano\u2010Uceda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences Alfonso X El Sabio University  Madrid Spain"},{"name":"Faculty of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Podiatry Complutense University of Madrid  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3282-1455","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 Luis","family":"Mat\u00e9\u2010Mu\u00f1oz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Podiatry Complutense University of Madrid  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6604-9136","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pablo","family":"Garc\u00eda\u2010Fern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Podiatry Complutense University of Madrid  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]]},"reference":[{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","first-page":"493","article-title":"Mental Health Problems in Children With Intellectual Disability","volume":"6","author":"Absoud M.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Child & Adolescent Health"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","first-page":"1995","volume-title":"Recommended Policy for Electrodiagnostic Medicine","author":"American Association of Neuromuscular and Electrodiagnostic Medicine (AANEM)","year":"2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1871530320666200628024944"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17303\/jwhg.2020.7.203"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.a.36337"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2019.08.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/85.3.269"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2014.08.038"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2008.07.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acuro.2016.11.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/001316447303300111"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_13_13_1","first-page":"13","article-title":"Biofeedback in Faecal Incontinence: Anal Sphincter Training With EMG","volume":"4","author":"Costilla S.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Coloproctology Practice"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmr.2017.03.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jar.13317"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jir.13202"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_13_17_1","first-page":"17","article-title":"Surface Electromyography: Why, When and How to Use It","volume":"4","author":"Garcia M. 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