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The current study, on the other hand, examines the relationship between anxiety in one domain and hostility towards a distinct group that is not the source of that anxiety. We focus here on symptoms of anxiety during the COVID\u201019 pandemic, which have become increasingly frequent, and show that the implications of such mental difficulties are far\u2010reaching, posing a threat to relationships between ideological groups. In two studies conducted in both Israel and the United States, we found that high levels of anxiety during the COVID\u201019 epidemic are associated with higher levels of hatred towards ordinary people from the respective political outgroups, lower levels of willingness to sustain interpersonal relations with these people (i.e., greater social distancing), and greater willingness to socially exclude them. This relationship was mediated by the perception of threat posed by the political outgroup. This study is the first to show that mental difficulty driven by an external threat can be a fundamental factor that explains levels of intergroup hostility.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jasp.12914","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,12]],"date-time":"2022-08-12T11:35:06Z","timestamp":1660304106000},"page":"1081-1093","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["I hate you when I am anxious: Anxiety during the COVID\u201019 epidemic and ideological hostility"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"52","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9191-0488","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Meital","family":"Balmas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Communication The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Jerusalem Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tal Orian","family":"Harel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Communication, The Harry S. 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