{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]],"date-time":"2026-08-11T18:27:38Z","timestamp":1786472858879,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]],"date-time":"2026-05-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779840000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]],"date-time":"2026-05-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779840000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009616","name":"Direction G\u00e9n\u00e9rale Op\u00e9rationnelle Agriculture, Ressources Naturelles et Environnement du Service Public de Wallonie","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009616","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Animal Breeding Genetics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>During the last decade, there has been a growing interest for local and endangered breeds as they are often seen as more resilient and healthier than mainstream breeds. They can also provide high added\u2010value products like meat or dairy products. To better preserve these breeds, it is of main importance to characterize their genetic diversity and have an insight of historical gene flow with more mainstream breeds. In this study, we focused on the genetic relationships of five red\u2010pied cattle breeds: the east Belgian red and white (EBRW); the red\u2010pied of the \u00d6sling (RPO), from Luxembourg; the deep red (DR) and the Meuse\u2010Rhine\u2010Yssel (MRY), both from the Netherlands; and the German red and white dual purpose (RDN). The EBRW, RPO and DR breeds have an official European endangered status. We first investigated the pedigree completeness of available genotyped animals as well as their complex historical relationships through the analysis of common ancestors. We also compared pedigree and SNP\u2010based inbreeding coefficients, defined as the sum of homozygosity\u2010by\u2010descent segments (HBD). We then dived into genomic relationships through a classical multi\u2010dimensional scaling (MDS) of genotyped animals and their admixture. The pedigree analyses showed the complex gene flow between all breeds and that the RPO breed was the most connected to other breeds. Results also showed that the level of inbreeding was so far not an issue in all five breeds even if some animals, for example, in EBRW and MRY breeds, showed higher inbreeding levels than the average of their breeds. Finally, the MDS and admixture analysis also highlighted complex gene flow between the studied breeds and that they may be considered as a genetic continuum. This genomic proximity has the potential to improve genetic evaluations of local breeds by the inclusion of information from more mainstream breeds like MRY and RDN.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jbg.70054","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]],"date-time":"2026-05-27T11:48:52Z","timestamp":1779882532000},"page":"705-718","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Unravelling the Genetic Structure of Local and Mainstream Red\u2010Pied Cattle Breeds Using Genomics and Extended Pedigree Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"143","author":[{"given":"Margaux","family":"Vandewalle","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"TERRA Teaching and Research Centre, Gembloux Agro\u2010Bio Tech University of Li\u00e8ge  Gembloux Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1794-4708","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Renzo","family":"Bonifazi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Breeding and Genomics Wageningen University &amp; Research  Wageningen the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2554-072X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J\u00e9r\u00e9mie","family":"Vandenplas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Breeding and Genomics Wageningen University &amp; Research  Wageningen the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8634-3658","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sipke\u2010Joost","family":"Hiemstra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Genetic Resources, the Netherlands (CGN) Wageningen University &amp; Research  Wageningen the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9365-5089","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gerben","family":"de Jong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Co\u00f6peratie Koninklijke CRV u.a  Arnhem the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-3172-2684","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dirk","family":"Hinrichs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Breeding Section, Faculty of Organic Agricultural Sciences University of Kassel  Witzenhausen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5981-5509","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicolas","family":"Gengler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"TERRA Teaching and Research Centre, Gembloux Agro\u2010Bio Tech University of Li\u00e8ge  Gembloux Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1075-088X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"H\u00e9l\u00e8ne","family":"Wilmot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal and Dairy Science University of Georgia  Athens USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2009\u20102730"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.094052.109"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","volume-title":"EURECA: Dual Purpose Belgian Blue. EU GENRES 870\/04 Project EURECA","author":"Bay E.","year":"2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","volume-title":"EURECA: Dual Purpose Red and White. EU GENRES 870\/04 Project EURECA","author":"Bay E.","year":"2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2007\u20100924"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/2041\u2010210X.13167"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2018\u201016147"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2018.07.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_10_1","volume-title":"EURECA: Deep Red Cattle Breed Assessment. EU GENRES 870\/04 project EURECA","author":"CGN","year":"2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13742\u2010015\u20100047\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_12_1","unstructured":"Coster A.2022.\u201cpedigree: Pedigree Functions. 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