{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]],"date-time":"2026-08-12T16:43:42Z","timestamp":1786553022619,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":134,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]],"date-time":"2026-08-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786492800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]],"date-time":"2026-08-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786492800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000268","name":"Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BBS\/E\/RL\/230001A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BBS\/E\/RL\/230001A"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000268","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000268","name":"Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BBS\/E\/RL\/230002D"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BBS\/E\/RL\/230002D"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000268","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Animal Breeding Genetics"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    In sows, maternal behaviour is a commercially important trait which affects sow and piglet welfare and the quality and safety of human\u2010animal interactions, especially if free farrowing of sows without crates is in place. The aim of this study was to evaluate maternal behaviour and to estimate its quantitative genetic parameters in Swiss Landrace sows (SLR). The lactating sows, with an average lactation period of 29\u201330\u2009days and different parities (one to eleven) at four nucleus farms of the Swiss pig breeding company Suisag underwent behaviour tests and observations during two 12\u2010week periods. The level of aggressiveness of the sows towards humans was assessed with a standardised Piglet Handling Test and with a Farmers' Aggressiveness Score, using five\u2010 and three\u2010point scoring systems, respectively. Additionally, the reaction to the playback of unknown squealing piglets was evaluated using a five\u2010point scoring system, and vocalising before lying down and time taken to lay down were recorded. Depending on the trait, data were collected on 451\u2013705 sows, most of which had phenotypes available for more than one trait. Number of samples per measure varied between one and six. Given the non\u2010Gaussian distribution of the traits, variance components were estimated based on Bayesian generalised linear mixed models, including as random effects the sow genetic effects and the sow permanent environmental effects. The additive genetic relationships were either computed from the pedigree (1418 individuals across six generations), the genomic data (from 376 genotyped sows using SNP\u2010Chip 60\u2009K), or their combination using the H matrix. The credibility intervals of the estimates indicate that all traits were repeatable independently of how the additive genetic relationships were modelled, with estimated repeatabilities varying between 0.18\u2009\u00b1\u20090.09 (mean\u2009\u00b1\u2009SD; 95% CI\u2009=\u2009[0.01, 0.35]) and 0.66\u2009\u00b1\u20090.04 ([0.58, 0.74]). Both the level of aggressiveness towards humans (pedigree based: Piglet Handling Test:\n                    <jats:italic>h<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.44\u2009\u00b1\u20090.12, [0.22, 0.69]; Farmers' Aggressiveness Score:\n                    <jats:italic>h<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.24\u2009\u00b1\u20090.10, [0.04, 0.45]), and vocalising before lying down were found to be heritable (H matrix based:\n                    <jats:italic>h<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.36\u2009\u00b1\u20090.15, [0.07, 0.63]). We found an unfavourable genetic correlation between the Farmers' Aggressiveness Score and piglet survival traits. Our results suggest that human\u2010directed aggression is heritable, indicating that improvement of stockpersons' safety and sow welfare through genetic selection is feasible, although piglet survival should be included in a balanced breeding index to ensure progress in both traits.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jbg.70068","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]],"date-time":"2026-08-12T16:04:51Z","timestamp":1786550691000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Genetic Determination of Maternal Behaviour in Pigs"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5153-2697","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicole","family":"Maffezzini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Medicine and Biosciences Scotland's Rural College  Edinburgh UK"},{"name":"The Roslin Institute, the Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies University of Edinburgh  Edinburgh UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9501-9040","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Negar","family":"Khayatzadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SUISAG  Sempach Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9198-9448","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simon","family":"Turner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Medicine and Biosciences Scotland's Rural College  Edinburgh UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4880-3756","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rainer","family":"Roehe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Medicine and Biosciences Scotland's Rural College  Edinburgh UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9808-2742","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ricardo","family":"Pong\u2010Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Roslin Institute, the Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies University of Edinburgh  Edinburgh UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1801-254X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Richard B.","family":"D\u2019Eath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Medicine and Biosciences Scotland's Rural College  Edinburgh UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rsbl.2015.0509"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2007.03.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btad445"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.applanim.2004.11.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.applanim.2005.09.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1439\u20100310.1999.00459.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/2041\u2010210X.13407"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyac224"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Baude B.\u2010M. K.Krugmann S.Diers andJ.Krieter.2023.A Note on Sows' Behaviour Towards Humans During Lactation in Farrowing Pens With Short\u2010Term Fixation and its Effects on Piglet Mortality.https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2139\/ssrn.4420052.","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.4420052"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.applanim.2010.11.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2022.998192","article-title":"Transitioning From Crates to Free Farrowing: A Roadmap to Navigate Key Decisions","volume":"9","author":"Baxter E. M.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/mec.12827"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","unstructured":"Blomberg M.2010.Maternal Behaviour in Pigs and Its Relation to Piglet Performance and Survival[WWW Document].https:\/\/stud.epsilon.slu.se\/1435\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2017.00175"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v080.i01"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.32614\/RJ\u20102018\u2010017"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.applanim.2008.12.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.applanim.2007.08.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ani8080138"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.applanim.2016.01.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0168\u20101591(91)90093\u2010D"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_23_1","unstructured":"Dantzer R. andM. C.Meunier\u2010Sala\u00fcn.1990.Behaviour\u2010Environment Relationships in Pigs: Importance for the Design of Housing and Management Systems in Intensive Husbandry. [WWW Document].https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5555\/19932284975."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0962728600026300"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ani11041019"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jbg.12426"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1751731109990528"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0168\u20101591(91)90258\u2010Y"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ani11061767"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/s13428\u2010023\u201002231\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1751731113001614"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2007.08.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13165\u2010014\u20100061\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_34_1","volume-title":"Piglet Mortality: Causes and Prevention","author":"Edwards S. A.","year":"2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2508\/chikusan.71.509"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-3454(08)60343-5","volume-title":"Parental Care: Evolution, Mechanisms, and Adaptive Significance","author":"Fairbanks L. A.","year":"1996"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_37_1","volume-title":"Introduction to Quantitative Genetics","author":"Falconer D. S.","year":"1989"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.applanim.2022.105814"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tourman.2019.104067"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_40_1","unstructured":"Gabry J. R.\u010ce\u0161novar A.Johnson andS.Bronder.2025. \u201ccmdstanr: R Interface to 'CmdStan'.\u201d R package version 0.9.0.https:\/\/github.com\/stan\u2010dev\/cmdstanr."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.livsci.2007.04.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2527\/1991.6972727x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10519\u2010006\u20109071\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751\u20100813.1977.tb00238.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2014.01.020"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_12_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.livprodsci.2004.11.005","article-title":"Genetic Background of Maternal Behaviour and Its Relation to Offspring Survival","volume":"93","author":"Grandinson K.","year":"2005","journal-title":"Livestock Production Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301\u20106226(03)00095\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.applanim.2017.01.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168\u20101591(99)00048\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ani11010214"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.applanim.2005.09.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0962728600031493"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1751731108002516"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168\u20101591(02)00280\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0168\u20101591(89)90099\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0168\u20101591(93)90118\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168\u20101591(05)80091\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0168\u20101591(93)90068\u2010Z"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2007\u20100670"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0168\u20101591(86)90105\u2010X"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0168\u20101591(88)90054\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.animal.2022.100559"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.livsci.2022.105000"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01070218"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/wcs.72"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1558\u20105646.1983.tb00236.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/sysbio\/syad004"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2009\u20102061"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lenth R. V.2017.Emmeans: Estimated Marginal Means aka Least\u2010Squares Means.https:\/\/doi.org\/10.32614\/CRAN.package.emmeans.","DOI":"10.32614\/CRAN.package.emmeans"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.livsci.2022.105127"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2015.06.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2013\u20107769"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.livprodsci.2004.11.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/z92\u2010150"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.applanim.2026.106932"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168\u20101591(01)00170\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S135772980005551X"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1201\/9781315372495","volume-title":"Statistical Rethinking: A Bayesian Course With Examples in R and Stan","author":"McElreath R.","year":"2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4757-6203-7","volume-title":"Playback and Studies of Animal Communication","author":"McGregor P. K.","year":"1992"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.applanim.2011.06.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003\u20103472(05)80323\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2009\u20102064"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/beheco\/ary122"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2135\/cropsci2012.12.0673"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/2018_JSLHR\u2010S\u201018\u20100006"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_86_1","volume-title":"Biology of Aggression","author":"Nelson R. J.","year":"2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ani11092547"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_88_1","first-page":"12","article-title":"Aggression and Anxiety: Social Context and Neurobiological Links","volume":"4","author":"Neumann I.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12711\u2010023\u201000828\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/ror.0.0050153"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_91_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0206128"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_92_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2527\/jas2017.1725"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_93_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2014.10.051"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_94_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11222\u2010016\u20109649\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_95_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anbehav.2013.10.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_96_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.animal.2020.100103"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_97_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/519795"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_98_1","volume-title":"R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing","author":"R Core Team","year":"2024"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_99_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12561\u2010016\u20109143\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_100_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2012.11.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_101_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1297\u20109686\u201046\u201036"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_102_1","volume-title":"Swine Communication","author":"Roy R. C.","year":"2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_103_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168\u20101591(99)00089\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_104_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnbeh.2014.00258","article-title":"Oxytocin in the Medial Prefrontal Cortex Regulates Maternal Care, Maternal Aggression and Anxiety During the Postpartum Period","volume":"8","author":"Sabihi S.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_105_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10888705.2021.2008935"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_106_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471\u20102164\u201015\u2010478"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_107_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301\u20106226(03)00151\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_108_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5808\/GI.2015.13.4.146"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_109_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1751731116002573"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_110_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.livsci.2022.105026"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_12_111_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1186\/1297-9686-27-3-229","article-title":"Bayesian Inference in Threshold Models Using Gibbs Sampling","volume":"27","author":"Sorensen D. A.","year":"1995","journal-title":"Genetics Selection Evolution"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_112_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1077","DOI":"10.1163\/15685390260337912","article-title":"Nursing Behaviour and Nursing Vocalisations in Domestic Sows: Repeatability and Relationship With Maternal Investment","volume":"139","author":"\u0160pinka M.","year":"2002","journal-title":"Behaviour"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_113_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4020-8909-1_7","volume-title":"The Welfare of Pigs, Animal Welfare","author":"Spoolder H. A. M.","year":"2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_114_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.applanim.2013.01.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_115_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0003356100040411"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_116_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4613-3150-6_5","volume-title":"Parental Care in Mammals","author":"Svare B. B.","year":"1981"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_117_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41559\u2010021\u201001413\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_118_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/eva.13751"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_119_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.livsci.2006.08.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_120_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.livprodsci.2004.11.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_121_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2007\u20100980"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_122_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11222\u2010016\u20109696\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_123_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0274392"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_124_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168\u20101591(96)01173\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_125_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168\u20101591(96)01098\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_126_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.applanim.2007.03.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_127_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0962728600027111"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_128_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-24277-4_12","volume-title":"Ggplot2: Elegant Graphics for Data Analysis","author":"Wickham H.","year":"2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_129_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21105\/joss.01686"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_130_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365\u20102656.2009.01639.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_131_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.applanim.2007.07.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_132_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/279872"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_133_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2135\/cropsci1999.0011183X003900030041x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_134_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/brv.12060"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_135_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41437\u2010019\u20100192\u20104"}],"container-title":["Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jbg.70068","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/jbg.70068","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jbg.70068","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]],"date-time":"2026-08-12T16:05:02Z","timestamp":1786550702000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/jbg.70068"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]]},"references-count":134,"alternative-id":["10.1111\/jbg.70068"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jbg.70068","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0931-2668","1439-0388"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0931-2668","type":"print"},{"value":"1439-0388","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-02-20","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-08-04","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-08-12","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"jbg.70068"}}