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Genetic selection for improved heat tolerance is a promising yet complex approach, given the large number of biological processes involved in heat stress response. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to unravel biotypes related to thermotolerance in lactating sows using a multivariate approach. A total of 37 traits, including physiological, behavioural, and anatomical measures, as well as climatic resilience indicators derived from automatically recorded vaginal temperature data, were included in the study. Phenotypic data were collected between June and July 2021 in 1645 multiparous Landrace \u00d7 Large White sows housed under commercial conditions in North Carolina (United States). The additive genetic correlation matrix among these traits was used for performing multivariate analyses (principal component analysis and factor analysis). Heritability estimates ranged from 0.04 for ear skin temperature (TES) to 0.39 for ear area (EA), whereas repeatability estimates ranged from 0.10 for TES to 0.58 for vaginal temperature measured at 12:00\u2009h (TV12h). Genetic correlations were high and positive among surface temperature traits (0.76\u20130.79) and among vaginal temperature measures and their derived climatic resilience indicators (0.62\u20130.99), whereas correlations of these temperature\u2010related traits with morphological and behavioural traits were generally low to moderate. Four principal components and common factors were extracted, explaining 71.20% of the total variance of the data. However, a factor analysis using an orthogonal Varimax rotation was superior in isolating distinct and conceptually clear biotypes. The first factor, which explained 38.80% of the total variance, was named \u201cCore body temperature\u201d and was defined primarily by multiple vaginal temperature measures and climatic resilience indicators. The second factor (12.61% of the total variance) was labelled \u201cHeat dissipation measures\u201d, which grouped skin temperatures, panting scores, and respiration rate traits. The third factor (11.68% of the total variance) was interpreted as \u201cVaginal temperature dynamics\u201d and showed both positive and negative loadings, contrasting vaginal temperature variability with its autocorrelation and skewness. Finally, the fourth factor (8.11% of the total variance), referred to as \u201cStress reactivity and morphology\u201d, was defined by a contrast between traits with positive loadings (responsiveness scores, vocalization, and hair density) and traits with negative loadings (body size and body condition). By successfully reducing 37 traits into four interpretable latent profiles, these factors could serve as breeding objectives, steering towards more holistic selection strategies to better understand how pigs adapt to increasingly challenging climatic conditions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jbg.70071","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T06:02:29Z","timestamp":1788242549000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Unraveling Biotypes Related to Thermotolerance During Lactation in Maternal\u2010Line Pigs Through Principal Component and Factor Analyses"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5688-7067","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cassiane Gomes","family":"dos Santos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science Federal University of Vi\u00e7osa  Vi\u00e7osa Minas Gerais Brazil"},{"name":"Department of Animal Sciences Purdue University  West Lafayette Indiana USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2715-7545","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Renata","family":"Veroneze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science Federal University of Vi\u00e7osa  Vi\u00e7osa Minas Gerais Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9021-2925","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Artur O.","family":"Rocha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Sciences Purdue University  West Lafayette Indiana USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0355-8902","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hinayah Rojas","family":"de Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Sciences Purdue University  West Lafayette Indiana USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1979-1992","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Let\u00edcia Fernanda","family":"de Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Sciences Purdue University  West Lafayette Indiana USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5773-4142","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jay S.","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Animal Sciences University of Missouri  Columbia Missouri USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-6276-389X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedro H. 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